কামরূপী উপভাষা
(কামরূপী ভাষা থেকে পুনর্নির্দেশিত)
| কামরূপী | |
|---|---|
| কামারূপী | |
| কামৰূপী | |
| উচ্চারণ | Kāmrūpī |
| দেশোদ্ভব |  ভারত |
| অঞ্চল | পশ্চিম আসাম, উত্তরবঙ্গ |
মাতৃভাষী | ৬ মিলিয়নভারতের জনগণনা
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| উপভাষা |
|
| |
| ভাষা কোডসমূহ | |
| আইএসও ৬৩৯-৩ | – |
| গ্লোটোলগ | None |
| ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় বিষয়সমূহ |
|---|
| ধারাবাহিকের একটি অংশ |
কামরূপী উপভাষা, পূর্বে কামরূপী ভাষা[২] ব্রহ্মপুত্র উপত্যকা ও উত্তরবঙ্গ[৩][৪] উচ্চারিত প্রথম প্রাচীন আর্য সাহিত্যিক ভাষা,[৫][৬] কামরূপ ও উত্তরবঙ্গের প্রাথমিকভাবে বিকশিত।[৭][৮] কামরূপী তিনটি উপভাষা যা পশ্চিম, মধ্য ও দক্ষিণ কামরূপী সঙ্গে ভিন্নধর্মী হয়।[৯]
মধ্যযুগীয় কালে, এটা উভয় গদ্য এবং বিদ্যাপতি মত মাঝামাঝি ভারতের সাহিত্য পরিসংখ্যান চর্চা বিরুদ্ধে যেমন কবিতার জন্য যারা গদ্য ও মৈথিলী কবিতার জন্য সংস্কৃত ব্যবহার পণ্ডিত ও ব্রহ্মপুত্র উপত্যকার পয়লা এবং সংস্কৃত সমান্তরালে সাহিত্য উদ্দেশ্যে তার সংলগ্ন এলাকায় দ্বারা ব্যবহার করা হয়।[১০][১১] সাম্প্রতিক সময়ে দক্ষিণ কামরূপী উপভাষা নাটকীয় প্রভাব সঙ্গে লেখক মামণি রয়সোম গোস্বামীর কাজ ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। কবি ও জাতীয়তাবাদী অম্বিকাগিরি রায়চৌধুরী বহুলাংশে তার কাজ কামরূপী ব্যবহৃত।[১২] 2018 সালে, কামরূপী চলচ্চিত্র ভিলেজ রকস্টার্স অঞ্চলটি থেকে প্রথম হয়েছেন the 91 তম একাডেমী পুরষ্কারে ভারতের সরকারি প্রবেশের জন্য নির্বাচিত হয়েছেন।[১৩]
তথ্যসূত্র
[সম্পাদনা]- ↑ The Journal of the Assam Research Society - Volume 27 (1983), Page 27 The Kamarupi script developed into the mediaeval Assamese script and the latter into the modern Assamese script. The Assamese script maintains some relationship with the Bengali and the Maithili scripts.
- ↑ Goswami, Upendranath (১৯৭০)। A study on Kāmrūpī: a dialect of Assamese। Dept. of Historical Antiquarian Studies, Guwahati। পৃষ্ঠা 4।
Assam from ancient times, was known as Kamarupa till the end of the Koch rule (17th century) and ancient Kamarupa comprised the whole of North Bengal including Cooch-Behar, and the Rangpur and Jalpaiguri districts of Bengal. Its permanent western boundary is said to have been the river Karatoya in North Bengal according to the Kalika Purana and Yoginitantra, both devoted to geographical accounts of ancient Kamarupa. So the Aryan language spoken first in Assam was the Kamrupi language spoken in Rangpur, Cooch-Behar, Goalpara, Kamrup district and some parts of Nowgong and Darrang districts. As also put by K.L. Barua "the Kamrupi dialect was originally a variety of eastern Maithili and it was no doubt the spoken Aryan language throughout the kingdom which then included the whole of the Assam Valley and the whole of Northern Bengal with the addition of the Purnea district of Bihar”. It is in this Kamrupi language that the early Assamese literature was mainly written. Up to the seventeenth century as the centre of art, literature and culture were confined within western Assam and the poets and the writers hailed from this part, the language of this part also acquired prestige. The earliest Assamese writer is Hema Saraswati, the author of a small poem, Prahrada Caritra, who composed his verses under his patron, King Durlabhnarayana of Kamatapur who is said to have ruled in the latter part of the 13th century. Rudra Kandali translated Drone Parva under the patronage of King Tamradhvaja of Rangpur. The most considerable poet of the pre-vaisnavite period is Madhava Kandali, who belonged to the present district of Nowgong and rendered the entire Ramayana into Assamese verse under the patronage of king Mahamanikya, a Kachari King of Jayantapura. The golden age in Assamese literature opened with the reign of Naranarayana, the Koch King. He gathered round him at his court at Cooch-Behar a galaxy of learned man. Sankaradeva real founder of Assamese literature and his favourite disciple Madhavadeva worked under his patronage. The other-best known poets and writers of this vaisnavite period namely Rama Sarasvati, Ananta Kandali, Sridhar Kandali, Sarvabhauma Bhattacharyya, Dvija Kalapachandra and Bhattadeva, the founder of the Assamese prose, all hailed from the present district of Kamarupa. During Naranaryana's reign "the Koch power reached its zenith. His kingdom included practically the whole of Kamarupa of the kings of Brahmapala's dynasty with the exception of the eastern portion known as Saumara which formed the Ahom kingdom. Towards the west the kingdom appears to have extended beyond the Karatoya, for according to Abul Fasal, the author of the Akbarnamah, the western boundary of the Koch kingdom was Tirhut. On the south-west the kingdom included the Rangpur district and part of Mymensingh to the east of the river Brahmaputra which then flowed through that district," The Kamrupi language lost its prestige due to reasons mentioned below and has now become a dialect which has been termed as Kamrupi dialect as spoken in the present district of Kamrup.
- ↑ Barma, Sukhbilas (2007}, Socio-Political Movements In North Bengal (A Sub-Himalayan ... Suniti Kumar Chatterji, in "The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language' published in 1926 has given to this dialect of North Bengal the name 'Kamrupi'
- ↑ Bangladesh Itihas Samiti (1999), Sylhet: History and Heritage , Page 591 Suniti Kumar Chatterjee in his Origin and Development of Bangla Language (ODBL) divided the Bangla dialect into four groups in accordance with the name of the regions such as Rada, Pundra or Barindra, Banga and Kamrupi
- ↑ Barua, Kanak Lal (১৯৩৩)। Early History of kamarupa। পৃষ্ঠা 318।
The Kamarupi dialect was originally a variety of eastern Maithili and it was no doubt the spoken Aryan language throughout the kingdom which then included the whole of the Assam valley and the whole of northern Bengal with the addition of the Purnea district of Bihar. It is not therefore at all strange the language of the Buddhist Dohas, composed in Kamarupa during the tenth and the eleventh centuries, should be a mixed Maithili-Kamrupi language bearing close resemblance to modern Assamese, the direct offspring of the old Kamarupi dialect.
- ↑ Goswami, Upendranath (১৯৭৫)। Grammatical Sketches of Indian Languages With Comparative Vocabulary And Texts। Linguistic Survey of India, Census of India 1971। পৃষ্ঠা 35।
Thus it is clear that Kamrupi dialect does not only claim as the mother of modern Assamese, but also that this speech continued to exert its appreciable influence on Assamese literature, both prose and poetry. It is worth mentioning here that Assamese Vocabularies may greatly be enriched by incorporation of certain important words and expressions, still in vogue in the modern district of Kamrup proper, in modern Assamese lexicon.
- ↑ Choudhury, Dr. Pratap Chandra (১৯৫৯)। The history of civilisation of the people of Assam to the twelfth century A.D.। Dept. of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Gauhati। পৃষ্ঠা 395।
The best specimens of wise sayings are contained in a work, 'Dakabhanita', attributed to Daka, written in old Kamarupi dialect. The work provides an important specimen of the ancient literature of Assam. It is, however, too early to ascribe the work to the 6th century A.D., as done by D.N. Bezbarua. It may have been composed about the 8th century A.D. It is true that Daka flourished at a time when the written literature of Assam had scarcely taken its birth. The place of the nativity of Daka is given in the work, which states that he was the native of the Lehidangara near modern Barpeta.
- ↑ Goswami, Golockchandra (১৯৮২)। Structure of Assamese। Department of Publication, Gauhati University। পৃষ্ঠা 11।
The Eastern and Central dialects may be regarded as uniform to a certain extent in their respective areas, while Western Asamiya is heterogeneous in character, with large regional variations in the east, west, north and south. There must have been in early times as well, diverse dialects and dialect groups as at present. But then, there seems to be only one dominant literary language prevailing over the whole area; and that was Western Asamiya, the sole medium of all ancient Asamiya literature including the Buranjis written in the Ahom courts. This was because the centre of all literary activities in early times was in western Assam; and the writers were patronized by the kings and local potentates of that region. In the later period, however, even though the centre of literary activities moved to eastern Assam in the Ahom period, the writers continued to accept and use the existing model of the literary style of that time.
- ↑ Goswami, Upendranath (১৯৭০)। A study on Kāmrūpī: a dialect of Assamese। Dept. of Historical Antiquarian Studies, Guwahati। পৃষ্ঠা 28।
The sub-dialectical varieties of Kamrupi may be grouped mainly into three divisions —western, central and southern. The variety spoken in the area comprising Barpeta, Sundardiya, Patbausi, Bhabani- pur etc. is western, that of Nalbari and its surrounding areas is central and that of Palasbari, Chaygong, Boko etc. is southern.
- ↑ Medhi, Kaliram (১৯৮৮)। Assamese grammar and origin of the Assamese language।
Prose had also been used by the Maithili poets, Vidyapati, Harsanatha and others,--in their dramas. But whereas the Maithili poets prose was in Sanskrit and their songs alone in Maithili Sankara Deva's prose and songs were both in Kamrupi.
- ↑ Medhi, Kaliram (১৯৩৬)। Assamese Grammar and Origin of the Assamese Language। Sri Gouranga Press। পৃষ্ঠা 66।
The language of the pre-Vaisnava and Vaisnava was the dialect of Western Assam while the language of the modern literature is that of Eastern Assam. This latter has been accepted by the common consent as the literary language of the country. Political power thus determined the centre of literary activity and also of the form of literary language.
- ↑ Sahitya Akademi, Indian literature: Volume 30, 1987 Ambikagiri set a new trend in Assamese by his abundant use of Kamrupi language in his writings.
- ↑ "'Village Rockstars, Film On Guitar-Playing Girl, Is India's Oscar Entry'"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ জুন ২০২১।