খসড়া:সংস্কৃত থেকে উদ্ভূত ইংরেজি শব্দের তালিকা

এটি সংস্কৃত উৎসের ইংরেজি শব্দগুলির একটি তালিকা । এই শব্দগুলির বেশিরভাগই সরাসরি সংস্কৃত থেকে ধার করা হয়নি। ধার নেওয়ার পর কিছু শব্দের অর্থ কিছুটা বদলে গেছে।

উভয় ভাষাই ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষা পরিবারের অন্তর্গত এবং অনেকগুলি একজাতীয় পদ রয়েছে। "মর্টাল (Mortal)", "ফিট (Feet)", "এন্ড (End)", "পাথ (Path)", "মাদার (Mother)", "ফাদার (Father)" এবং ১-১০ নম্বরের নামগুলির মতো অসংখ্য শব্দ ইংরেজি এবং সংস্কৃতের সাথে সাথে অন্যান্য ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষার মতো জার্মান , ল্যাটিন , ফরাসি বা ফার্সি । যাইহোক, এই তালিকাটি সংস্কৃত থেকে নেওয়া শব্দগুলির একটি তালিকা দেওয়া হলো, যেখানে শব্দগুলো ইংরেজি বর্ণমালার সাধারণ ক্রামানুসারে সাজানো:

A

আমবারেলা

সিংহলি: ඇඹරැල්ලා æmbarællā শেষ পর্যন্ত সংস্কৃত থেকে: अम्बरेल्ला, এক ধরনের গাছ।

অ্যানিলিন

জার্মান: Anilin, ফরাসি: Aniline এবং পর্তুগিজ: Anil from Arabic النيل al-nili and Persian نیلا nila, শেষ পর্যন্ত সংস্কৃত থেকে नीली nili.

আরিয়ান

সংস্কৃত থেকে आर्य ārya, “noble; noble one” though it originally stems from the Proto-Indo-Iranian autonym *áryas. 1839 সালে ইংরেজিতে প্রথম প্রত্যয়িত, এটি সম্ভবত ইউরোপের পূর্ববর্তী পণ্ডিতদের কাছ থেকে জার্মান এবং ফরাসি ভাষায় লেখার থেকে তৈরি করা হয়েছিল যারা ঘুরে ফিরে সরাসরি সংস্কৃত থেকে ধার করেছিলেন।

অ্যাটল

দিভেহির মাধ্যমে : އަތޮޅު‎ সম্ভবত সংস্কৃত থেকে अन्तला antalā, interior, though there are other theories.

অবার্গিন

ফরাসি aubergine থেকে, in Catalan albergínia, via Arabic بَاتِنْجَان‎ bātinjān and Persian بادنجان bâdenjân ultimately from Sanskrit वातिगगम vātigagama, যার অর্থ বেগুন।

Avatar

from Sanskrit अवतार avatāra, which means "descent", একটি অবতার পৃথিবীতে দুর্দশার সময় ঈশ্বরের মানব অবতারনকে বোঝায়। এইভাবে, কৃষ্ণ এবং রাম উভয়ই বিষ্ণুর অবতার ছিলেন, যিনি নিজেকে আরও অনেকবার অবতার হিসাবে প্রকাশ করেছিলেন, যার মধ্যে দশটি সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য বলে বিবেচিত হয়।

B

Bandana

from Sanskrit बन्धन bandhana, "a bond".

Banyan

from Hindi baniyaa ultimately from Sanskrit वणिज्‌ vaṇij, which means "বণিক".

Basmati

through Hindi बासमती ultimately from Sanskrit वास vāsa.

Bahuvrihi

from Sanskrit बहुव्रीहि bahuvrīhih, "বহুব্রীহি" একটি যৌগিক শব্দ, যার অর্থ 'অনেক চাল'।

Bidi

through Hindi बीड़ी ultimately from Sanskrit वितिक vitika.

Bhakti

from Sanskrit भक्ति "bhakti", portion or more importantly, ভক্তি.

Brinjal

from Portuguese bringella or beringela, from Persian بادنجان badingān, probably from Sanskrit vātiṅgaṇa.

Buddha

from Sanskrit बुद्ध buddha, which means "awakened, enlightened", refers to Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism. Also refers to one who is enlightened in accordance with the teachings of Buddha or a likeness of Buddha.

C

Candy

Middle English candi, crystallized cane sugar, short for sugre-candi, partial translation of Old French sucre candi, ultimately from Arabic sukkar qandī : sukkar, sugar + qandī, consisting of sugar lumps (from qand, lump of crystallized sugar, from an Indic source akin to Pali kaṇḍa-, from Sanskrit खाण्डक khaṇḍakaḥ, from khaṇḍaḥ, piece, fragment, perhaps of Munda origin).

Carmine

Ultimately from Sanskrit कृमि kṛmi meaning "worm". "কৃমি".

Cashmere

1680s, "shawl made of cashmere wool", from the old spelling of Kashmir, Himalayan kingdom where wool was obtained from long-haired goats.

Chakram

from Sanskrit चक्रं Cakram, a circular throwing weapon

Cheetah

which is from Sanskrit चित्रस chitra-s "uniquely marked".

Chintz

from Hindi chint, from Sanskrit chitra-s "clear, bright".

Chukar

via Hindi चकोर cakor and Urdu چکور chukar ultimately from Sanskrit चकोर cakorah.

Chukker

from Hindi चक्कर and Urdu چکرchakkar, from Sanskrit चक्र cakra, "a circle, a wheel".

Citipati

from Sanskrit चिति पति citi-pati, which means "a funeral pyre lord".

Cot

from Hindi खाट khaat "a couch", which is from Sanskrit खट्वा khatva.

Copra

from Portuguese copra (16c.), from koppara (cognate with Hindi khopra) "coconut"; related to Hindi khopri "skull", from Sanskrit kharparah "skull".

Cowrie

from Hindi कौड़ी kauri and Urdu کمتدب kauri, from Marathi कवडी kavadi, which is ultimately from Sanskrit कपर्द kaparda.

Crimson

from Old Spanish cremesin, via Medieval Latin cremesinus from Persian قرمز qirmiz "a kermes", which is ultimately from Sanskrit कृमिज krmi-ja literally: "red dye produced by a worm".

Crocus

from Greek κρόκος crocus, via Semitic languages (e.g. Hebrew כרכום karkōm, Aramaic ܟܘܪܟܡܐ kurkama, Persian كركم kurkum, which mean saffron or saffron yellow); ultimately from Sanskrit कुङ्कुमं kunkumam.

D

Dal

through Hindi दाल dāl ultimately from Sanskrit दल dala, meaning cotyledon of a pea pod, a type of Indian food; also refers to lentils.

Das

from Sanskrit दास daasa, a slave or servant. See also Dasa.

Datura

through Latin and Hindi: धतूरा dhatūra "jimson weed" ultimately from Sanskrit धत्तूरा dhattūrā, a kind of flowering plant.

Deodar

through Hindi देओदार deodār ultimately from Sanskrit देवदारु devadāru, a kind of tree.

Deva

from Sanskrit देव deva, which means "a god", akin to Latin deus, "god".

Devi

from Sanskrit देवी devi, which means "a goddess".

Dharma

from Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; akin to Latin: firmus, meaning "conformity to one's duty and nature" and "divine law".

Dhoti

via Hindi dhotī (Hindi: धोती) ultimately from Sanskrit dhautī (Sanskrit: धौती) which means 'to wash', a traditional male garment used in India. Material tied around the waist that covers most of the legs.

Dinghy

from Hindi दिन्गी dingi "a tiny boat", probably from Sanskrit द्रोण drona.

Dvandva

is a Sanskrit technical term literally meaning "a pair".

G

Ganja

via Hindi गांजा (gaanja or "hemp"), ultimately from Sanskrit गञ्जा (gañjā or "hemp").

Gharry

via Hindi word gādī (Hindi: गाड़ी) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit word garta (Sanskrit: गर्त) which means 'chariot'.

Ginger

from Old English gingifer, gingiber, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Greek zingiberis, from Prakrit (Middle Indic) singabera, from Sanskrit श्रङ्गवेर śrngavera, from śrnga "horn" + vera- "body", although, it may have derived instead from Tamil word "Inchi" (இஞ்சி).

Gondwana

from two Sanskrit words, goṇḍa (Devanagari: गोण्ड) which means 'Gondi people or mountaineers' and vana (Devanagari: वन) which means 'forest'.

Guar

through Hindi गार ultimately from Sanskrit गोपाली gopālī, an annual legume.

Gunny

via Persian گونی "Gooni" a burlap sack and Hindi गोनी, ultimately from Sanskrit गोणी goni "sack".

Gurkha

via Nepalese गोर्खा ultimately from Sanskrit गोरक्ष goraksa, "a cowherd".

Guru

via Hindi गुरु ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु guru, which means "a teacher".

J

Jackal

from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال shaghal, from Middle Indic shagal, ultimately from Sanskrit शृगाल srgala "the howler".

Jaggery

via Portuguese jágara, jagre and Malayalam ഛക്കര chakkara, ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा śarkarā.

Java

originally a kind of coffee grown on Java and nearby islands of modern Indonesia. By early 20c. it meant coffee generally. The island name is shortened from Sanskrit Yavadvipa "Island of Barley", from yava "barley" + dvipa "island".

Juggernaut

through Odia ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ Jagannatha ultimately from Sanskrit जगन्नाथ jagat-natha-s, which means "lord of the world".

Jungle

through Hindi जंगल jangal "a desert, forest"; also Persian جنگل jangal meaning forest; ultimately from Sanskrit जङ्गल jangala, which means "arid".

Jute

from Sanskrit जुत juta-s, which means "twisted hair".

K

Karma

from Sanskrit कर्मन् karman, which means "action".

Kedgeree

probably ultimately from Sanskrit कृशर krśara.

Kermes

via French: Kermès, and Persian قرمز qermez; perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit: कृमिज kṛmija meaning "worm-made".

L

Lac

through Urdu لاکھ, Persian لاک and Hindi लाख lakh from Prakrit लक्ख lakkha, ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा lākṣā, meaning lac.

Lacquer

through French: Laque and Portuguese: Laca from Arabic لك lakk,लाख in Hindi, via Prakrit ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा lākṣā.

Langur

through Hindi लुट lut probably ultimately from Sanskrit लङ्गूल langūla.

Lilac

via Arabic للك lilak from Persian نیلک nilak meaning "bluish", ultimately from Sanskrit नील nila, which means "dark blue".

Loot

ultimately from Sanskrit लुण्टा lota-m or लुण्ठति luṇṭhati meaning "he steals" through Hindi लूट lūṭ, which means "a booty, stolen thing".

M

Maharajah

through Hindi महाराजा ultimately from Sanskrit महाराजा mahā-rājā, which means "a great king".

Maharani

through Hindi महारानी finally from Sanskrit महाराज्ञी mahārājnī, which means "consort of a maharajah".

Maharishi

from Sanskrit महर्षि maha-rishi, which means "a great sage".

Mahatma

from Sanskrit महात्मा mahatma, which means "a great breath, soul".

Mahayana

from Sanskrit महायान maha-yana, which means "a great vehicle".

Mahout

via Hindi माहुत (variant of महावत) ultimately from Sanskrit महामात्रः mahāmātrah.

Mandala

from Sanskrit मण्डल mandala, which means "a disc, circle".

Mandarin

via Portuguese mandarim, Dutch mandarijn, Malay mantri or menteri, and Hindi मंत्री mantri "a councillor" ultimately from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् mantri, which means "an advisor".

Mantra

from Sanskrit मन्त्र mantra-s which means "a holy message or text".

Maya

from Sanskrit माया māyā, a religious term related with illusion.

Moksha

from Sanskrit मोक्ष moksha, liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth.

Mugger

via Hindi मगर and Urdu مگر magar ultimately from Sanskrit मकर makara ("sea creature"), like a crocodile, which attacks stealthily.

Mung bean

through Hindi मुग mū̃g and Pali/Prakrit मुग्ग mugga ultimately from Sanskrit मुद्ग mudga, a kind of bean.

Musk

via Middle English muske, Middle French Musc, Late Latin Muscus and Late Greek μόσχος moskhos from Persian موشک mushk, ultimately from Sanskrit मुस्क muska meaning "a testicle", from a diminutive of मुस mus ("mouse").

Mynah

through Hindi मैना maina ultimately from Sanskrit मदन madana-s, which means "love".

N

Nainsook

through Hindi नैनसुख nainsukh ultimately from Sanskrit नयनसुख nayana-sukha, meaning "pleasing to the eyes".

Nard

through Old French narde and Latin nardus from Greek νάρδος nardos, perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit नलद nalada.

Narghile

through French Narguilé and Persian نارگيله nārghīleh ultimately from Sanskrit नारिकेल nārikela.

Nark

probably from Romany nak "a nose", via Hindi नक nak ultimately from Sanskrit नक्र‌ nakra.

Neem

through Hindi नीम nīm ultimately from Sanskrit निम्ब nimba, a kind of tree.

Nilgai

through Hindi नीलगाय nīlgāy lit., blue cow ultimately from Sanskrit नीलगौ nīla-gau, an ox-like animal.

Nirvana

from Sanskrit निर्वाण nirvāṇa which means "extinction, disappearance".

O

Opal

through French opalle from Latin opalus from Greek ὀπάλλιος opallios, probably ultimately from Sanskrit उपल upala.

Orange

through Old French orenge, Medieval Latin orenge and Italian arancia from Arabic نارنج naranj, via Persian نارنگ narang and Sanskrit नारङ्ग naranga-s meaning "an orange tree", derived from proto-Dravidian.

P

Pal

1788, from Romany (English Gypsy) pal "brother, comrade", variant of continental Romany pral, plal, phral, probably from Sanskrit bhrata "brother"

Palanquin

via Odia word pālankī (Odia:ପାଲଙ୍କି) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit पल्यङ्क palyanka which means 'bed' or 'couch'.

Parcheesi

1800, from Hindi pachisi, from pachis "twenty-five" (highest throw of the dice), from Sanskrit panca "five"

Pepper

Old English pipor, from an early West Germanic borrowing of Latin piper "pepper", from Greek piperi, probably (via Persian) from Middle Indic pippari, from Sanskrit pippali "long pepper".

Punch

via Sanskrit पञ्च pancha, meaning "five". The original drink was made from five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. (The other senses of 'punch' are unrelated.)

Pundit

via Sanskrit पण्डित paṇdita, meaning "learned". A person who offers to mass media their opinion or commentary on a particular subject area.

R

Raita

ultimately from Sanskrit राजिका rājikā via Hindi रायता rāytā, a south Asian condiment and side dish made of yogurt and vegetables.

Raj

through Hindi राज and Pali/Prakrit रज्ज rajja ultimately from Sanskrit राज्य rājya, which means "a king" or "kingdom". Raj means kingdom or domain of a ruler.

Rajah

through Hindi राज from Sanskrit राजन् rājān, which means "a king".

Ramtil

through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit रामतिल rāmatila, which means "a dark sesame".

Rani

through Hindi रानी ultimately from Sanskrit राज्ञी rājnī, consort of a rajah.

Rice

via Old French ris and Italian riso from Latin oriza, which is from Greek ὄρυζα oryza, through an Indo-Iranian tongue finally from Sanskrit व्रीहि vrihi "rice", ultimately derived from proto-Dravidian arisi.

Rupee

through Hindi रुपया rupiyā ultimately from Sanskrit रूप्यक rūpyaka, an Indian silver coin.

S

Saccharide

via Latin Saccharon and Greek σάκχαρον from Pali सक्खर sakkharā, ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा sarkarā.

Sambal

through Afrikaans, Indonesian and Tamil சம்பல் campāl ultimately from Sanskrit सम्बार sambhārei.

Sambar

through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit शंबरः śambarah, a kind of Asian deer.

Sandalwood

via Middle English sandell, Old French sandale, Medieval Latin sandalum, Medieval Greek σανδάλιον sandalion (diminutive of σάνδαλον sandalon) and Arabic and Persian صندل; ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन candana meaning "wood for burning incense".

Sapphire

via Old French saphir, Latin sapphirus and Greek σάπφειρος sappheiros from a Semitic tongue (c.f. Hebrew: ספיר sapir); possibly the ultimate origin is Sanskrit शनिप्रिय sanipriya which literally means "sacred to Saturn (Shani)".

Sari

through Hindi साड़ी sari and Prakrit सदि sadi, finally from Sanskrit सति sati "garment".

Shampoo

via Anglo-Indian shampoo and Hindi चाँपो champo from Sanskrit चपयति capayati, which means "kneads".

Shawl

from Persian شال shal, finally from Sanskrit शाटी śāṭī, which means "a strip of cloth".

Singapore

via Malay Singapura ultimately from Sanskrit सिंहपुर simhapura, literally "the lion city".

Sri Lanka

from Sanskrit: श्री लंका which means "venerable island". It is said that Shree or Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth, resides there.

Sugar

through Old French sucre, Italian zucchero, Medieval Latin succarum, Arabic: سكر sukkar and Persian: شکر shakar ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा śarkara which means "ground or candied sugar" (originally "grit" or "gravel").

Sunn

via Hindi: सुन्न ultimately from Sanskrit: सन sāna, a kind of Asian plant.

Swami

through Hindi स्वामी swami ultimately from Sanskrit स्वामी svami, which means "a master".

Swastika

from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक svastika, which means "one associated with well-being, a lucky charm".

T

Taka

via Maithili and Bengali : টাকা from Sanskrit टङ्क tanka.

Talipot

through Hindi, Indonesian and Malay talipat from Sanskrit तालपत्र tālapatra, a kind of palm.

Tank

a word originally brought by the Portuguese from India, from a Hindi source, such as Gujarati tankh "cistern, underground reservoir for water", Marathi tanken, or tanka "reservoir of water, tank". Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit tadaga "pond, lake pool", and reinforced in later sense of "large artificial container for liquid".

Tendu

via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit तैन्दुक tainduka.

Teapoy

via Hindi तिपाई tipāi and Urdu تپائي tipāʼī,which originated as a Sanskrit compound: त्रि (trí, "three") and पाद (pā́da, "foot").

Thug

through Marathi ठग thag probably ultimately from Sanskrit स्थग sthaga, which means "a scoundrel".

Til

from Sanskrit तिलः tilah, a kind of plant.

Toddy

through Hindi तरी tari ultimately from Sanskrit तल tala-s, a Dravidian origin is also probable.

Toon

through Hindi तुन tūn ultimately from Sanskrit तुन्न tunna, a kind of tree.

Tope

through Hindi टॉप ṭop probably from Prakrit थुपो thūpo, finally from Sanskrit स्तूप stūpa.

Tutty

through Middle English tutie, Old French, Medieval Latin tūtia, Arabic توتي tūtiyā, and Persian توتیا ultimately from Sanskrit तुत्थ tuttha meaning "blue vitriol", a Dravidian origin is also probable.

V

Vina

ultimately from Sanskrit वीणा vīṇā through Hindi वीणा vīṇā, a kind of musical instrument.

W

Wanderoo

through সিংহলি: වන්ඩෙරූ vanḍerū finally from Sanskrit वानर vānara, a kind of monkey.

Y

Yoga

through Sanskrit योग yoga-s, which means "yoke, union".

Yogi

through Hindi योगी yogi from Sanskrit योगी yogi, one who practices yoga or ascetic.

Z

Zen

through Japanese 禅 and Chinese 禪 Chán ultimately from Pali झान jhāna and Sanskrit ध्यान dhyana, which means "a meditation".

আরো পড়ুন

• ভারতীয় ইংরেজি
• হিন্দু দেবদেবীর তালিকা
• দেশ বা মূল ভাষা অনুযায়ী ইংরেজি শব্দের তালিকা

বহিঃসংযোগ

• Sanskrit in Freedictionary.com
• Sanskrit Dictionary containing terms of modern Spoken Sanskrit