নাস্তিক লেখকদের তালিকা

এটি নাস্তিক লেখকদের একটি তালিকা। মূলত ব্যাপক অর্থে নাস্তিক্যবাদ বলতে বুঝায়, উপাস্যদের অস্তিত্বের প্রতি বিশ্বাস প্রত্যাখ্যান করা। নেতিবাচক অর্থে, নাস্তিক্যবাদ হলো, উপাস্যের কোনো অস্তিত্ব নেই এই অর্থে বিশেষভাবে অবস্থান করা। সর্বাধিকভাবে, কেবল উপাস্যদের অস্তিত্বের প্রতি বিশ্বাসের অভাবের কারণে নাস্তিক্যবাদ গড়ে উঠে। এই তালিকা জীবিত এবং মৃত লেখকদের, যারা বিভিন্নভাবে তাদের লেখনিতে নাস্তিক্যবাদ ও উল্লেখযোগ্য কার্যক্রম বা সামাজিক অবস্থার সঙ্গে প্রাসঙ্গিক, এবং যারা প্রকাশ্যে নাস্তিক হিসাবে নিজেদের প্রকাশ করেছেন।

লেখক[সম্পাদনা]

মাক্সিম গোর্কি (১৮৬৮–১৯৩৬): সোভিয়েত রুশ লেখক এবং রাজনৈতিক কর্মী।^[১]
ফ্রান্‌ৎস কাফকা (১৮৮৩–১৯২৪), জার্মান ভাষার উপন্যাস ও ছোটগল্প লেখক, তার সুপরিচিত ছোটগল্প দ্য মেটামরফেসিস এবং উপন্যাস দ্য ক্যাসল।^[২]^[৩]^[৪]^[৫]^[৬]^[৭]^[৮]
জ্যাক লন্ডন (১৮৭৬–১৯১৬): আমেরিকান লেখক, সাংবাদিক ও সমাজকর্মী।^[৯]^[১০]
উইলিয়াম সমারসেট মম্‌ (১৮৭৪–১৯৬৫): ইংরেজ ঔপন্যাসিক, নাট্যকার এবং ছোটগল্প লেখক, তার সময়ের সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় ও বহুল বিক্রিত সাহিত্যিকদের একজন।^[১১]^[১২]
পাবলো নেরুদা (১৯০৪–১৯৭৩): চিলিয়ান কবি ও রাজনীতিবিদ। ১৯৭১ সালে সাহিত্যে নোবেল পুরস্কার পান।^[১৩]
মার্সেল প্রুস্ত্‌ (১৮৭১–১৯২২): ফরাসি বুদ্ধিজীবী, ঔপন্যাসিক, প্রবন্ধকার ও সমালোচক। তিনি তার হারানো সময়ের সন্ধানে (In Search of Lost Time) উপন্যাসের জন্য বিখ্যাত।^[১৪]^[১৫]
সালমান রুশদি (জন্ম ১৯৪৭): একজন ব্রিটিশ ভারতীয় ঔপন্যাসিক ও প্রাবন্ধিক, আলোচিত বই দ্য স্যাটানিক ভার্সেস এবং মিডনাইটস চিলড্রেন।^[১৬]^[১৭]^[১৮]
হোসে সারামাগো (১৯২২–২০১০): পর্তুগীজ লেখক, নাট্যকার এবং সাংবাদিক। ১৯৯৮ সালে সাহিত্যে নোবেল প্রাইজ পান।^[১৯]^[২০]
জঁ-পল সার্ত্র্‌ (১৯০৫–১৯৮০), ফরাসি অস্তিত্ববাদী দার্শনিক, নাট্যকার, সাহিত্যিক এবং সমালোচক। তিনি অস্তিত্ববাদ দর্শনের একজন পথিকৃৎ।
জর্জ বার্নার্ড শ' (১৮৫৬–১৯৫০): আইরিশ নাট্যকার এবং লন্ডন স্কুল অফ ইকোনোমিক্সের সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা। তিনিই একমাত্র ব্যক্তি যিনি সাহিত্যে নোবেল পুরস্কার (১৯২৫) এবং অস্কার (১৯৩৮) পেয়েছেন, যথাক্রমে তার সাহিত্যকীর্তির জন্যে এবং পিগম্যালিয়ন (চলচ্চিত্র)-এর চিত্রনাট্যের জন্যে।^[২১]^[২২]^[২৩]
জেসন আরন (জন্ম ১৯৭৩):আমেরিকান কমিক্স লেখক,,তিনি দি আদার সাইড্‌, স্কাল্পড, গোস্ট রাইডার্‌, উলভেরিন এবং পানিশারম্যাক্সকর্মকান্ডের জন্য পরিচিত।^[২৪]
ফরেস্ট জে একারম্যান (১৯১৬–২০০৮): আমেরিকান লেখক, ইতিহাসবিদ, সম্পাদক, বিজ্ঞান কথাসাহিত্য বই ও স্মরণীয় সিনেমা সংগ্রাহক এবং বিজ্ঞান কথাসাহিত্য অনুরাগী। তিনি সাত দশক ধরে, বিজ্ঞান কথাসাহিত্য এর বলিষ্ঠ মুখপাত্র এবং প্রবর্তকদের এক জন্য ছিলেন^[২৫]
ডগলাস অ্যাডামস (১৯৫২–২০০১): ব্রিটিশ রেডিও এবং টেলিভিশনের লেখক এবং উপন্যাসিক,দা হিচকক'স গাইড টু দা গ্যালাক্সি এর লেখক।^[২৬]
জাভেদ আক্তার (জন্ম ১৯৪৫): ভারতীয় কবি, গীতিকার এবং চিত্রনাট্যকার।^[২৭]
তারিক আলি (জন্ম ১৯৪৩):ব্রিটিশ-পাকিস্তানি ইতিহাসবিদ, ঔপন্যাসিক, চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাতা, রাজনৈতিক প্রচারক এবং ভাষ্যকার।^[২৮]
জর্জ আমাদু (১৯১২–২০০১): ব্রাজিলীয় লেখক।^[২৯]
কিংসলি আমিস (১৯২২–৯৫): ইংরেজি উপন্যাসিক, কবি, সমালোচক এবং শিক্ষক। লাকি জিম এবং বুকার প্রাইজ বিজয়ী দি ওল্ড ডেভিলস উপন্যাসের জন্য বেশি বিখ্যাত।^[৩০]
এরিক অ্যাম্বলার (১৯০৯–১৯৯৮): ইংরেজ লেখক যিনি স্পাই উপন্যাসে নতুন ধারার জন্ম দিয়েছেন।^[৩১]
শেঠ অ্যাণ্ড্রুজ (জন্ম ১৯৬৮): আমেরিকান লেখক।^[৩২]
আইজাক আসিমভ (১৯২০–১৯৯২): রাশিয়ায় জন্ম নেয়া আমেরিকান সাহিত্যিক, কল্পবিজ্ঞান লেখক।^[৩৩]
জোসেফ কনরাড (১৮৫৭–১৯২৪): Polish novelist who wrote in English.^[৩৪]
অক্ষয় কুমার দত্ত (১৮২০–১৮৮৬): Bengali writer.^[৩৫]
আরজ আলী মাতুব্বর (১৯০০-১৯৮৫): বাঙালি লেখক, দার্শনিক।
উমবার্তো একো (১৯৩২-২০১৬): একজন ইতালীয় সাহিত্যিক, প্রাবন্ধিক, সাহিত্য সমালোচক, দার্শনিক এবং সংকেত বিশ্লেষক।^[৩৬]
ওরিয়ানা ফালাচি (১৯২৯-২০০৬): ইতালীয় সাংবাদিক, লেখক এবং রাজনৈতিক সাক্ষাতকার-গ্রহণকারী।^[৩৭]
আনাতোল ফ্রঁস (১৮৪৪-১৯২৪): ফরাসি ঔপন্যাসিক ও সাংবাদিক, সাহিত্যে নোবেলজয়ী (১৯২১)।
রবার্ট লুইস স্টিভেন্সন (১৮৫০–১৮৯৪): স্কট ঔপন্যাসিক, কবি এবং ভ্রমণকাহিনী লেখক, বহুপরিচিত গ্রন্থ ট্রেজার আইল্যান্ড ও দ্য স্ট্রেঞ্জ কেস অফ ডাঃ জেকিল এন্ড মিস্টার হাইড।^[৩৮]
ফ্রান্সেস ভার্নেন (১৯৬৩–১৯৯১): British novelist.^[৩৯]
হারবার্ট জর্জ ওয়েলস (১৮৬৬–১৯৪৬): বিজ্ঞান কল্পকাহিনীর জনকদের একজন, এবং ঘোষিত সমাজবাদী।^[৪০]
ভার্জিনিয়া উল্‌ফ (১৮৮২–১৯৪১): ইংরেজ লেখক, প্রাবন্ধিক এবং প্রকাশক। বিশ শতকের ব্রিটিশ আধুনিকতাবাদী লেখকদের মধ্যে তিনি অন্যতম।^[৪১]

তথ্যসূত্র[সম্পাদনা]

↑ Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Dobrenko (২০০৭)। Political Economy of Socialist Realism। Yale University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 76। আইএসবিএন 9780300122800। Gorky hated religion with all the passion of a former God-builder. Probably no other Russian writer (unless one considers Dem'ian Bednyi a writer) expressed so many angry words about God, religion, and the church. But Gorky's atheism always fed on that same hatred of nature. He wrote about God and about nature in the very same terms.
↑ Sander L. Gilman (২০০৫)। Franz Kafka। Reaktion Books। পৃষ্ঠা 31। আইএসবিএন 9781861892546। Through his consumption of such books Kafka rejected both capitalism and religion as a teenager - declaring himself to be a socialist and an atheist.
↑ "K"। Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia Of Literature। Merriam-Webster। ১৯৯৫। পৃষ্ঠা 617। আইএসবিএন 9780877790426। As an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist. As a Jew, Kafka was isolated from the German community in Prague, but as a modern intellectual he was also alienated from his own Jewish heritage.
↑ J. E. Luebering, সম্পাদক (২০০৯)। "Franz Kafka"। The 100 Most Influential Writers of All Time। The Rosen Publishing Group। পৃষ্ঠা 272। আইএসবিএন 9781615300969। Kafka's opposition to established society became apparent when, as an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist.
↑ Golgotha Press (২০১২)। The Life and Times of Franz Kafka। BookCaps Study Guides। আইএসবিএন 9781621071518। In time Kafka would become an atheist.
↑ Leavitt, June (২০১১)। The Mystical Life of Franz Kafka: Theosophy, Cabala, and the Modern Spiritual Revival। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 8। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-982783-1। Undoubtedly, synagogue life appalled Kafka, but not because he was an atheist. It appalled him because, in his words, he was trying to “build his faith,” and the conventional forms were not adequate.
↑ Benjamin Lazarus (জুলাই ১৬, ২০১২)। "Israel must relinquish ownership over Kafka"। The Jewish Chronicle Online। ২১ জুলাই ২০১২ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৫ মার্চ ২০১৩। Whilst Kafka had a brief interest in Kabbalah, mysticism, and Yiddish theatre, he rarely attended synagogue and considered himself an atheist.
↑ C.D. Merriman (২০০৫)। "Franz Kafka"। Jalic Inc.। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৫ মার্চ ২০১৩। Kafka eventually declared himself a socialist atheist, Spinoza, Darwin and Nietzsche some of his influences.
↑ Stewart Gabel (২০১২)। Jack London: a Man in Search of Meaning: A Jungian Perspective। AuthorHouse। পৃষ্ঠা 14। আইএসবিএন 9781477283332। When he was tramping, arrested and jailed for one month for vagrancy at about 19 years of age, he listed “atheist” as his religion on the necessary forms (Kershaw, 1997).
↑ Alex Kershaw (২০১৩)। Jack London: A Life। HarperCollins UK। আইএসবিএন 9780007496631। 'On June 29, 1894,' his prison record read, ' one John London, age 18: Single: Father & Mother Living, Occupation — Sailor; Religion — Atheist; — was received at the Erie County Penitentiary, for a term of 30 Days, charge of Tramp,...
↑ "So why should Maugham, self-declared atheist, "continental" more than English, choose so inappropriate a burial place?" Shona Crawford Poole, 'Pilgrimage to the heart of England', The Times, January 26, 1985; p. 12; Issue 62046; col D.
↑ "In The Summing Up (1938) and A Writer's Notebook (1949) Maugham explains his philosophy of life as a resigned atheism and a certain skepticism about the extent of man's innate goodness and intelligence; it is this that gives his work its astringent cynicism." 'Maugham, W. Somerset', Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed May 8, 2008.
↑ Adam Feinstein (২০০৫)। Pablo Neruda: A Passion For Life। Bloomsbury Publishing USA। পৃষ্ঠা 97। আইএসবিএন 9781582345949। Despite their political differences and the fact that she was religious and Neruda was an atheist, Pablo had far more in common with Bombal than with Maruca.
↑ "Marcel Proust was the son of a Christian father and a Jewish mother. He himself was baptized (on August 5, 1871, at the church of Saint-Louis d'Antin) and later confirmed as a Catholic, but he never practiced that faith and as an adult could best be described as a mystical atheist, someone imbued with spirituality who nonetheless did not believe in a personal God, much less in a savior." Edmund White, Marcel Proust: A Life (2009).
↑ Proust, Marcel (১৯৯৯)। The Oxford dictionary of quotations। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 594। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-860173-9। ...the highest praise of God consists in the denial of him by the atheist who finds creation so perfect that it can dispense with a creator.
↑ "I was deranged when I embraced Islam: Rushdie"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৪।
↑ "Salman Rushdie leads protest against Russian 'choke hold' on free speech"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৪।
↑ "Here I am, a rationalist, atheist person..." Salman Rushdie, interviewed on National Public Radio, 22 September 2015.
↑ CNN reports that: "Among these works are mythical stories through which Saramago, a communist and atheist, weaves his own brand of social and political commentary." In praise of Portuguese ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ৫ জুন ২০০৮ তারিখে (Accessed May 30, 2007)
↑ "The Nobel Prize-winning Portuguese novelist was an atheist and a communist." "–2010: José Saramago, 87," Newsweek, December 27, 2010 / January 3, 2011, special edition, p. 74.
↑ Archibald Henderson (২০০৪)। George Bernard Shaw: His Life And Works, a Critical Biography। Kessinger Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা 135। আইএসবিএন 9781417961771। It was at the Shelley Society's first large meeting that Shaw startled London by announcing himself as, " like Shelley, a Socialist, an atheist, and a vegetarian."
↑ Dayananda Pathak (১৯৮৫)। George Bernard Shaw, His Religion & Values। Mittal Publications। পৃষ্ঠা 19। Shaw explains what atheism really meant in his time. Belief in God in his time meant belief in the old tribal idol "I preferred to call myself an atheist", writes Shaw, "because belief in God then meant belief in the old tribal idol called Jehovah. "I preferred to call myself an atheist", writes Shaw, "because belief in God then meant belief in the old tribal idol called Jehovah, and I would not, by calling myself an agnostic, pretend that I did not know whether it existed or not." He also adds: "I still, when I am dealing with old fashioned Fundamentalists, tell them that as I do not believe in this idol of theirs they may as well write me off as, for their purpose, I am an atheist."
↑ G. K. Chesterton (২০০৮)। George Bernard Shaw। Echo Library। পৃষ্ঠা 21। আইএসবিএন 9781406890204। I was," he writes, "wholly unmoved by their eloquence; and felt bound to inform the public that I was, on the whole, an atheist.
↑ Sims, Chris (December 3, 2012). "War Rocket Ajax #138: Jason Aaron Talks 'Thor: God Of Thunder'". Comics Alliance.
↑ Forrest J. Ackerman, Brad Linaweaver (২০০৪)। Worlds of Tomorrow: The Amazing Universe of Science-fiction Art। Collectors Press, Inc.। পৃষ্ঠা 12। আইএসবিএন 9781888054934। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ মে ২০১২। He was Uncle Forry. He made a career out of understanding that the eye is the window to the soul. He was the atheist with a sense of wonder and a love of childhood. He felt the same emotions as deeply religious and sentimental people, which was an unusual quality for the true materialist.
↑ "I am a radical Atheist..." Adams in an interview by American Atheists [১].
↑ Spirituality, Halo or Hoax ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ১ জানুয়ারি ২০১২ তারিখে - Javedakhtar.com, Spirituality, Halo or Hoax, 26 February 2005. "There are certain things that I would like to make very clear at the very outset. Don’t get carried away by my name – Javed Akhtar. I am not revealing a secret, I am saying something that I have said many times, in writing or on TV, in public...I am an atheist, I have no religious beliefs. And obviously I don’t believe in spirituality of some kind. Some kind. "NDIA TODAY CONCLAVE - Saturday, February 26, 2005", retrieved April 4, 2012"
↑ "It is well known that I am not a religious person, I grew up and remain an atheist [...]". Tariq Ali, Interview: Tariq Ali ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ৩ জুলাই ২০০৭ তারিখে, Socialist Review November 2006 (accessed April 22, 2008).
↑ Amado is described as an "ateu convicto", or "convinced atheist". Cynara Menezes (আগস্ট ৮, ২০০১)। "Velório de Jorge Amado foi discreto" (Portuguese ভাষায়)। Folha de S. Paulo। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-১১-২৪।
↑ "His son Martin, who led the ceremony, said: "His relationship with the Christian God was not entirely frictionless. In 1962 (the Russian poet) Yevtushenko asked him 'Are you an atheist?'. He replied: 'Well, yes - but it's more that I hate Him'." " John Ezard, 'Secular send-off for an 'old devil' who did not wans too much fuss over his funeral', The Guardian (London), October 23, 1996, p. 8.
↑ "Once, filming in Italy with the American director John Huston and a US army crew, Ambler and his colleagues were shelled so fiercely that his unconscious 'played a nasty trick on him' (Ambler, Here Lies, 208). A confirmed atheist, he heard himself saying, 'Into thy hands I commend my spirit.' " Michael Barber: 'Ambler, Eric Clifford (1909–1998)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edition, January 2007 [২] (accessed April 29, 2008).
↑ Prothero, Donald R (২৭ আগস্ট ২০১৪)। "The Thinking Atheist Confesses"। ESkeptic। The Skeptics Society। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ অক্টোবর ২০১৪।
↑ "I am an atheist, out and out. It took me a long time to say it... I don't have the evidence to prove that God doesn't exist, but I so strongly suspect he doesn't that I don't want to waste my time." Isaac Asimov in "Free Inquiry", Spring 1982, vol.2 no.2, p. 9 (See Wikiquote.)
↑ "Like [Joseph] Conrad, [his wife] Jessie was nominally a Catholic but actually an atheist." Jeffrey Meyers, Joseph Conrad: a Biography, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991, আইএসবিএন ০-৬৮৪-১৯২৩০-৬, p. 139.
↑ Debiprasad Chattopadhyay (১৯৯৪)। "FOUR CALCUTTANS IN DEFENCE OF SCIENTIFIC TEMPER" (পিডিএফ)। Indian Journal of History of Science। পৃষ্ঠা 112। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১০ জুলাই ২০১২। As contrasted with Bacon, however, Datta's enthusiasm for natural science ultimately led him to become a stark atheist going to the extent of disproving the efficacy of prayer with an ingenious arguments,... ^{[স্থায়ীভাবে অকার্যকর সংযোগ]}
↑ "A Resounding Eco", Time, জুন ১৩, ২০০৫, মে ২৩, ২০১৩ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা, সংগ্রহের তারিখ ডিসেম্বর ৪, ২০১৬, His new book touches on politics, but also on faith. Raised Catholic, Eco has long since left the church. ‘Even though I'm still in love with that world, I stopped believing in God in my 20s after my doctoral studies on St. Thomas Aquinas. You could say he miraculously cured me of my faith,…’
↑ "I am an atheist, and if an atheist and a pope think the same things, there must be something true. It's that simple! There must be some human truth here that is beyond religion." Prophet of Decline: An interview with Oriana Fallaci, Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2005 (accessed April 10, 2008).
↑ "A decadent dandy who envied the manly Victorian achievements of his family, a professed atheist haunted by religious terrors, a generous and loving man who fell out with many of his friends - the Robert Louis Stevenson of Claire Harman's biography is all of these and, of course, a bed-ridden invalid who wrote some of the finest adventure stories in the language. [...] Worse still, he affected a Bohemian style, haunted the seedier parts of the Old Town, read Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, and declared himself an atheist. This caused a painful rift with his father, who damned him as a "careless infidel". Theo Tait, review of Robert Louis Stevenson: a Biography by Claire Harman, Daily Telegraph, January 29, 2005, Books Pg.3
↑ "She was educated partly at Cranborne Chase, a free-thinking school where there was no religious education, and was a committed atheist." Caroline Brandenburger, 'Obituary: Frances Vernon', The Independent (London), July 20, 1991, Pg 42.
↑ In his prophetic 1901 non-fiction book Anticipations (among other things, he predicted the formation, by the year 2000, of a "European Union"), according to Martin Gardner, "Wells proposes a finite God, unrelated to any established faith.... Later he would repudiate the concept... and declare himself an honest atheist." Martin Gardner, introduction to the Dover edition of H.G. Wells, Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought, 1901; Mineola, New York, Dover Publications edition, 1999, p. ix.
↑ "However, approaching moments of being as a version of theological mysticism is complicated by Woolf's atheism: in 'A Sketch of the Past', she declares that 'certainly and emphatically there is no God' (MB,72)." Lorraine Sim, Virginia Woolf: the patterns of ordinary experience (2010), page 148.

[1] Evgeniĭ Aleksandrovich Dobrenko (২০০৭)। Political Economy of Socialist Realism। Yale University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 76। আইএসবিএন 9780300122800। Gorky hated religion with all the passion of a former God-builder. Probably no other Russian writer (unless one considers Dem'ian Bednyi a writer) expressed so many angry words about God, religion, and the church. But Gorky's atheism always fed on that same hatred of nature. He wrote about God and about nature in the very same terms.

[2] Sander L. Gilman (২০০৫)। Franz Kafka। Reaktion Books। পৃষ্ঠা 31। আইএসবিএন 9781861892546। Through his consumption of such books Kafka rejected both capitalism and religion as a teenager - declaring himself to be a socialist and an atheist.

[3] "K"। Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia Of Literature। Merriam-Webster। ১৯৯৫। পৃষ্ঠা 617। আইএসবিএন 9780877790426। As an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist. As a Jew, Kafka was isolated from the German community in Prague, but as a modern intellectual he was also alienated from his own Jewish heritage.

[4] J. E. Luebering, সম্পাদক (২০০৯)। "Franz Kafka"। The 100 Most Influential Writers of All Time। The Rosen Publishing Group। পৃষ্ঠা 272। আইএসবিএন 9781615300969। Kafka's opposition to established society became apparent when, as an adolescent, he declared himself a socialist as well as an atheist.

[5] Golgotha Press (২০১২)। The Life and Times of Franz Kafka। BookCaps Study Guides। আইএসবিএন 9781621071518। In time Kafka would become an atheist.

[6] Leavitt, June (২০১১)। The Mystical Life of Franz Kafka: Theosophy, Cabala, and the Modern Spiritual Revival। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 8। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-982783-1। Undoubtedly, synagogue life appalled Kafka, but not because he was an atheist. It appalled him because, in his words, he was trying to “build his faith,” and the conventional forms were not adequate.

[7] Benjamin Lazarus (জুলাই ১৬, ২০১২)। "Israel must relinquish ownership over Kafka"। The Jewish Chronicle Online। ২১ জুলাই ২০১২ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৫ মার্চ ২০১৩। Whilst Kafka had a brief interest in Kabbalah, mysticism, and Yiddish theatre, he rarely attended synagogue and considered himself an atheist.

[8] C.D. Merriman (২০০৫)। "Franz Kafka"। Jalic Inc.। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৫ মার্চ ২০১৩। Kafka eventually declared himself a socialist atheist, Spinoza, Darwin and Nietzsche some of his influences.

[9] Stewart Gabel (২০১২)। Jack London: a Man in Search of Meaning: A Jungian Perspective। AuthorHouse। পৃষ্ঠা 14। আইএসবিএন 9781477283332। When he was tramping, arrested and jailed for one month for vagrancy at about 19 years of age, he listed “atheist” as his religion on the necessary forms (Kershaw, 1997).

[10] Alex Kershaw (২০১৩)। Jack London: A Life। HarperCollins UK। আইএসবিএন 9780007496631। 'On June 29, 1894,' his prison record read, ' one John London, age 18: Single: Father & Mother Living, Occupation — Sailor; Religion — Atheist; — was received at the Erie County Penitentiary, for a term of 30 Days, charge of Tramp,...

[11] "So why should Maugham, self-declared atheist, "continental" more than English, choose so inappropriate a burial place?" Shona Crawford Poole, 'Pilgrimage to the heart of England', The Times, January 26, 1985; p. 12; Issue 62046; col D.

[12] "In The Summing Up (1938) and A Writer's Notebook (1949) Maugham explains his philosophy of life as a resigned atheism and a certain skepticism about the extent of man's innate goodness and intelligence; it is this that gives his work its astringent cynicism." 'Maugham, W. Somerset', Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed May 8, 2008.

[13] Adam Feinstein (২০০৫)। Pablo Neruda: A Passion For Life। Bloomsbury Publishing USA। পৃষ্ঠা 97। আইএসবিএন 9781582345949। Despite their political differences and the fact that she was religious and Neruda was an atheist, Pablo had far more in common with Bombal than with Maruca.

[14] "Marcel Proust was the son of a Christian father and a Jewish mother. He himself was baptized (on August 5, 1871, at the church of Saint-Louis d'Antin) and later confirmed as a Catholic, but he never practiced that faith and as an adult could best be described as a mystical atheist, someone imbued with spirituality who nonetheless did not believe in a personal God, much less in a savior." Edmund White, Marcel Proust: A Life (2009).

[15] Proust, Marcel (১৯৯৯)। The Oxford dictionary of quotations। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 594। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-860173-9। ...the highest praise of God consists in the denial of him by the atheist who finds creation so perfect that it can dispense with a creator.

[16] "I was deranged when I embraced Islam: Rushdie"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৪।

[17] "Salman Rushdie leads protest against Russian 'choke hold' on free speech"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৪।

[18] "Here I am, a rationalist, atheist person..." Salman Rushdie, interviewed on National Public Radio, 22 September 2015.

[19] CNN reports that: "Among these works are mythical stories through which Saramago, a communist and atheist, weaves his own brand of social and political commentary." In praise of Portuguese ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ৫ জুন ২০০৮ তারিখে (Accessed May 30, 2007)

[20] "The Nobel Prize-winning Portuguese novelist was an atheist and a communist." "–2010: José Saramago, 87," Newsweek, December 27, 2010 / January 3, 2011, special edition, p. 74.

[21] Archibald Henderson (২০০৪)। George Bernard Shaw: His Life And Works, a Critical Biography। Kessinger Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা 135। আইএসবিএন 9781417961771। It was at the Shelley Society's first large meeting that Shaw startled London by announcing himself as, " like Shelley, a Socialist, an atheist, and a vegetarian."

[22] Dayananda Pathak (১৯৮৫)। George Bernard Shaw, His Religion & Values। Mittal Publications। পৃষ্ঠা 19। Shaw explains what atheism really meant in his time. Belief in God in his time meant belief in the old tribal idol "I preferred to call myself an atheist", writes Shaw, "because belief in God then meant belief in the old tribal idol called Jehovah. "I preferred to call myself an atheist", writes Shaw, "because belief in God then meant belief in the old tribal idol called Jehovah, and I would not, by calling myself an agnostic, pretend that I did not know whether it existed or not." He also adds: "I still, when I am dealing with old fashioned Fundamentalists, tell them that as I do not believe in this idol of theirs they may as well write me off as, for their purpose, I am an atheist."

[23] G. K. Chesterton (২০০৮)। George Bernard Shaw। Echo Library। পৃষ্ঠা 21। আইএসবিএন 9781406890204। I was," he writes, "wholly unmoved by their eloquence; and felt bound to inform the public that I was, on the whole, an atheist.

[24] Sims, Chris (December 3, 2012). "War Rocket Ajax #138: Jason Aaron Talks 'Thor: God Of Thunder'". Comics Alliance.

[25] Forrest J. Ackerman, Brad Linaweaver (২০০৪)। Worlds of Tomorrow: The Amazing Universe of Science-fiction Art। Collectors Press, Inc.। পৃষ্ঠা 12। আইএসবিএন 9781888054934। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ মে ২০১২। He was Uncle Forry. He made a career out of understanding that the eye is the window to the soul. He was the atheist with a sense of wonder and a love of childhood. He felt the same emotions as deeply religious and sentimental people, which was an unusual quality for the true materialist.

[26] "I am a radical Atheist..." Adams in an interview by American Atheists [১].

[27] Spirituality, Halo or Hoax ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ১ জানুয়ারি ২০১২ তারিখে - Javedakhtar.com, Spirituality, Halo or Hoax, 26 February 2005. "There are certain things that I would like to make very clear at the very outset. Don’t get carried away by my name – Javed Akhtar. I am not revealing a secret, I am saying something that I have said many times, in writing or on TV, in public...I am an atheist, I have no religious beliefs. And obviously I don’t believe in spirituality of some kind. Some kind. "NDIA TODAY CONCLAVE - Saturday, February 26, 2005", retrieved April 4, 2012"

[28] "It is well known that I am not a religious person, I grew up and remain an atheist [...]". Tariq Ali, Interview: Tariq Ali ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ৩ জুলাই ২০০৭ তারিখে, Socialist Review November 2006 (accessed April 22, 2008).

[29] Amado is described as an "ateu convicto", or "convinced atheist". Cynara Menezes (আগস্ট ৮, ২০০১)। "Velório de Jorge Amado foi discreto" (Portuguese ভাষায়)। Folha de S. Paulo। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-১১-২৪।

[30] "His son Martin, who led the ceremony, said: "His relationship with the Christian God was not entirely frictionless. In 1962 (the Russian poet) Yevtushenko asked him 'Are you an atheist?'. He replied: 'Well, yes - but it's more that I hate Him'." " John Ezard, 'Secular send-off for an 'old devil' who did not wans too much fuss over his funeral', The Guardian (London), October 23, 1996, p. 8.

[31] "Once, filming in Italy with the American director John Huston and a US army crew, Ambler and his colleagues were shelled so fiercely that his unconscious 'played a nasty trick on him' (Ambler, Here Lies, 208). A confirmed atheist, he heard himself saying, 'Into thy hands I commend my spirit.' " Michael Barber: 'Ambler, Eric Clifford (1909–1998)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edition, January 2007 [২] (accessed April 29, 2008).

[eSKEPTIC-32] Prothero, Donald R (২৭ আগস্ট ২০১৪)। "The Thinking Atheist Confesses"। ESkeptic। The Skeptics Society। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ অক্টোবর ২০১৪।

[33] "I am an atheist, out and out. It took me a long time to say it... I don't have the evidence to prove that God doesn't exist, but I so strongly suspect he doesn't that I don't want to waste my time." Isaac Asimov in "Free Inquiry", Spring 1982, vol.2 no.2, p. 9 (See Wikiquote.)

[34] "Like [Joseph] Conrad, [his wife] Jessie was nominally a Catholic but actually an atheist." Jeffrey Meyers, Joseph Conrad: a Biography, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991, আইএসবিএন ০-৬৮৪-১৯২৩০-৬, p. 139.

[35] Debiprasad Chattopadhyay (১৯৯৪)। "FOUR CALCUTTANS IN DEFENCE OF SCIENTIFIC TEMPER" (পিডিএফ)। Indian Journal of History of Science। পৃষ্ঠা 112। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১০ জুলাই ২০১২। As contrasted with Bacon, however, Datta's enthusiasm for natural science ultimately led him to become a stark atheist going to the extent of disproving the efficacy of prayer with an ingenious arguments,... ^{[স্থায়ীভাবে অকার্যকর সংযোগ]}

[Time05-36] "A Resounding Eco", Time, জুন ১৩, ২০০৫, মে ২৩, ২০১৩ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা, সংগ্রহের তারিখ ডিসেম্বর ৪, ২০১৬, His new book touches on politics, but also on faith. Raised Catholic, Eco has long since left the church. ‘Even though I'm still in love with that world, I stopped believing in God in my 20s after my doctoral studies on St. Thomas Aquinas. You could say he miraculously cured me of my faith,…’

[37] "I am an atheist, and if an atheist and a pope think the same things, there must be something true. It's that simple! There must be some human truth here that is beyond religion." Prophet of Decline: An interview with Oriana Fallaci, Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2005 (accessed April 10, 2008).

[38] "A decadent dandy who envied the manly Victorian achievements of his family, a professed atheist haunted by religious terrors, a generous and loving man who fell out with many of his friends - the Robert Louis Stevenson of Claire Harman's biography is all of these and, of course, a bed-ridden invalid who wrote some of the finest adventure stories in the language. [...] Worse still, he affected a Bohemian style, haunted the seedier parts of the Old Town, read Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, and declared himself an atheist. This caused a painful rift with his father, who damned him as a "careless infidel". Theo Tait, review of Robert Louis Stevenson: a Biography by Claire Harman, Daily Telegraph, January 29, 2005, Books Pg.3

[39] "She was educated partly at Cranborne Chase, a free-thinking school where there was no religious education, and was a committed atheist." Caroline Brandenburger, 'Obituary: Frances Vernon', The Independent (London), July 20, 1991, Pg 42.

[40] In his prophetic 1901 non-fiction book Anticipations (among other things, he predicted the formation, by the year 2000, of a "European Union"), according to Martin Gardner, "Wells proposes a finite God, unrelated to any established faith.... Later he would repudiate the concept... and declare himself an honest atheist." Martin Gardner, introduction to the Dover edition of H.G. Wells, Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought, 1901; Mineola, New York, Dover Publications edition, 1999, p. ix.

[41] "However, approaching moments of being as a version of theological mysticism is complicated by Woolf's atheism: in 'A Sketch of the Past', she declares that 'certainly and emphatically there is no God' (MB,72)." Lorraine Sim, Virginia Woolf: the patterns of ordinary experience (2010), page 148.

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