বিষয়বস্তুতে চলুন

বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তিতে নাস্তিকদের তালিকা: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

উইকিপিডিয়া, মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ থেকে
ইতিহাস ব্রাউজ করুন
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দৃশ্যমানউইকিপাঠ্য
ট্যাগ: মোবাইল সম্পাদনা মোবাইল ওয়েব সম্পাদনা
→‎ই-ঔ: ই-ঔ সম্পন্ন
ট্যাগ: মোবাইল সম্পাদনা মোবাইল ওয়েব সম্পাদনা
১০০ নং লাইন: ১০০ নং লাইন:
*[[Andrey Markov|আন্দ্রে মার্কভ]] (১৮৫৬-১৯২২): রাশিয়ান গণিতবিদ, তিনি [[stochastic processes]] এর উপর কাজের জন্য তিনি সুপরিচিত।<ref>"Of course, Markov, an atheist and eventual excommunicate of the Church quarreled endlessly with his equally outspoken counterpart Nekrasov. The disputes between Markov and Nekrasov were not limited to mathematics and religion, they quarreled over political and philosophical issues as well." Gely P. Basharin, Amy N. Langville, Valeriy A. Naumov, [https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/meyn/www/spm_files/Markov-Work-and-life.pdf The Life and Work of A. A. Markov], page 6.</ref><ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-03293-4|author1=Loren R. Graham |author2=Jean-Michel Kantor |page=69|quote=Markov (1856–1922), on the other hand, was an atheist and a strong critic of the Orthodox Church and the tsarist government (Nekrasov exaggeratedly called him a Marxist).}}</ref>
*[[Andrey Markov|আন্দ্রে মার্কভ]] (১৮৫৬-১৯২২): রাশিয়ান গণিতবিদ, তিনি [[stochastic processes]] এর উপর কাজের জন্য তিনি সুপরিচিত।<ref>"Of course, Markov, an atheist and eventual excommunicate of the Church quarreled endlessly with his equally outspoken counterpart Nekrasov. The disputes between Markov and Nekrasov were not limited to mathematics and religion, they quarreled over political and philosophical issues as well." Gely P. Basharin, Amy N. Langville, Valeriy A. Naumov, [https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/meyn/www/spm_files/Markov-Work-and-life.pdf The Life and Work of A. A. Markov], page 6.</ref><ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-03293-4|author1=Loren R. Graham |author2=Jean-Michel Kantor |page=69|quote=Markov (1856–1922), on the other hand, was an atheist and a strong critic of the Orthodox Church and the tsarist government (Nekrasov exaggeratedly called him a Marxist).}}</ref>


===অ===
===ই-ঔ===
*[[Yuval Ne'eman|ইয়ুভাল নেইম্যান]] (১৯২৫-২০০৬): ইসরাইলি তাত্ত্বিক পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী, রাজনীতিবিদ। তার শ্রেষ্ঠতম কাজ হল ১৯৬১ সালে হ্যাড্রনের শ্রেণিবিভাগ আবিষ্কার করা<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Studies in memory of Issai Schur|year=2003|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780817642082|page=xxi|author=Yuval Ne'eman|authorlink=Issai Schur Died Here: Some Background Comments, In Memoriam|quote=Unfortunately I am a 100% skeptic (an "Epicurus" in Yiddish), an atheist although not in an aggressive connotation.}}</ref><ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique|year=1997|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-85075-815-0|author=Michael P. Prior|page=164|quote=Although an atheist, Neeman believes that traditions are important for a revolutionary movement, and he strongly defends the spiritual heritage of the Jewish people, preaches a retum to biblical sources, and is in constant dialogue with the ultra-nationalist-religious groupings.}}</ref>
*[[Yuval Ne'eman|ইয়ুভাল নেইম্যান]] (১৯২৫-২০০৬): ইসরাইলি তাত্ত্বিক পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী, রাজনীতিবিদ। তার শ্রেষ্ঠতম কাজ হল ১৯৬১ সালে হ্যাড্রনের শ্রেণিবিভাগ আবিষ্কার করা<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Studies in memory of Issai Schur|year=2003|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780817642082|page=xxi|author=Yuval Ne'eman|authorlink=Issai Schur Died Here: Some Background Comments, In Memoriam|quote=Unfortunately I am a 100% skeptic (an "Epicurus" in Yiddish), an atheist although not in an aggressive connotation.}}</ref><ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique|year=1997|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-85075-815-0|author=Michael P. Prior|page=164|quote=Although an atheist, Neeman believes that traditions are important for a revolutionary movement, and he strongly defends the spiritual heritage of the Jewish people, preaches a retum to biblical sources, and is in constant dialogue with the ultra-nationalist-religious groupings.}}</ref>
* [[Will Provine]] (1942–2015): American [[History of science|historian of science]] and of [[evolutionary biology]] and [[population genetics]]. He was the Andrew H. and James S. Tisch Distinguished University Professor at [[Cornell University]] and was a professor in the [[Cornell University Department of History|Departments of History, Science and Technology Studies, and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology]].<ref name="Provine-Johnson Apr 1994 Debate">{{cite journal
|url=http://www.arn.org/docs/orpages/or161/161main.htm
|title=Darwinism: Science or Naturalistic Philosophy?, A Debate Between William B. Provine and Phillip E. Johnson at Stanford University, April 30, 1994
|first1=William B. |last1=Provine |first2=Phillip E. |last2=Johnson
|journal=Origins Research
|volume=16 |number=1 |date=June 2, 1995
|publisher=Access Research Network}} Video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7dG9U1vQ_U.</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Reich]] (1897–1957): Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Architects of the Culture of Death|year=2004|publisher=Ignatius Press|isbn=9781586170165|author1=Donald De Marco |author2=Donald DeMarco |author3=Benjamin Wiker |page=223|quote=Wilhelm declared himself a "confirmed atheist" at the age of eight.}}</ref>
* [[Will Wright (game designer)|Will Wright]] (1960–): American computer game designer and co-founder of the game development company [[Maxis]].<ref>"When Wright was nine his father died of leukaemia and he moved with his mother and younger sister to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. There he enrolled in the Episcopal High School and duly became an atheist." Ajesh Partalay interviewing Wright, '[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/14/games Master of the Universe]', ''The Observer'', 14 September 2008 (accessed 15 September 2008).</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Wundt]] (1832–1920): German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern [[psychology]]. Wundt, who noted psychology as a [[science]] apart from [[philosophy]] and [[biology]], was the first person to ever call himself a [[psychologist]].<ref>Wilhelm Wundt. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2017.<http://www.nndb.com/people/531/000053372/>.</ref>
* [[William Grey Walter|W. Grey Walter]] (1910–1977): American [[neurophysiologist]] famous for his work on [[Neural oscillation|brain waves]], and [[robotician]].<ref>"A firm atheist, he was interested in, though unconvinced by, the paranormal, and also did research on hypnosis." Ray Cooper, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38104 'Walter, (William) Grey (1910–1977)'], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, May 2007 (accessed May 2, 2008).</ref>
* [[William James Sidis]] (1898–1944): American mathematician, cosmologist, inventor, linguist, historian and child prodigy.<ref name="Doug Renselle">{{cite web|title=A Review of Amy Wallace's The Prodigy|url=http://www.quantonics.com/The_Prodigy_Review.html|publisher=Quantonics, Inc.|accessdate=20 June 2012|author=Doug Renselle|quote=Rabid atheist by age six. (His father, Boris, was too, but intensely studied great religious works.)}}</ref>
* [[William Shockley]] (1910–1989): American physicist and inventor. Along with [[John Bardeen]] and [[Walter Houser Brattain]], Shockley co-invented the [[transistor]], for which all three were awarded the 1956 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780230551923|author=Joel N. Shurkin|page=133|quote=He considered himself an atheist and never went to church.}}</ref>

* [[Wilhelm Ostwald|উইলিয়াম অস্টওয়াল্ড]] (১৮৫৩-১৯৩২): বাটলিক জার্মান রসায়নবিদ। তিনি ১৯০৯ সালে প্রভাবক, রাসায়নিক সাম্যাবস্থা এবং বিক্রিয়ার গতির উপর তার কাজের জন্য তিনি রসায়নে নোবেল পান।[[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|ভ্যাণ্ট হফ]], [[Svante Arrhenius|আরহেনিয়াস]] এবং অস্টওয়াল্ড কে নব্য[[physical chemistry]]র প্রতিষ্ঠাতা বলা হয়।<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Work in a Modern Society: The German Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-575-0|author=Jürgen Kocka|editor=Jürgen Kocka|page=45|quote=Even Wilhelm Ostwald, who was the most radical atheist among these scholars, uses the instrument of the 'Monistic Sunday Sermons' to spread his ideas on rationality.}}</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Ostwald|উইলিয়াম অস্টওয়াল্ড]] (১৮৫৩-১৯৩২): বাটলিক জার্মান রসায়নবিদ। তিনি ১৯০৯ সালে প্রভাবক, রাসায়নিক সাম্যাবস্থা এবং বিক্রিয়ার গতির উপর তার কাজের জন্য তিনি রসায়নে নোবেল পান।[[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|ভ্যাণ্ট হফ]], [[Svante Arrhenius|আরহেনিয়াস]] এবং অস্টওয়াল্ড কে নব্য[[physical chemistry]]র প্রতিষ্ঠাতা বলা হয়।<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=Work in a Modern Society: The German Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-575-0|author=Jürgen Kocka|editor=Jürgen Kocka|page=45|quote=Even Wilhelm Ostwald, who was the most radical atheist among these scholars, uses the instrument of the 'Monistic Sunday Sermons' to spread his ideas on rationality.}}</ref>
* [[William Kingdon Clifford|উইলিয়াম কিংডন ক্লিফোর্ড]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1845–1879): ইংরেজ গণিতবিদ এবং দার্শনিক।[[geometric algebra]] নিয়ে কাজ করেছেন। তিনি [[gravitation]] নিয়ে প্রথম ধারণা দেন।<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=A New Approach to Differential Geometry Using Clifford's Geometric Algebra|year=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780817682828|page=111|author=John Snygg|quote=However, the dogmatic position of the Anglican Church against Darwin's theory of evolution induced him to reexamine his beliefs. He soon evolved into an agnostic and then an atheist.}}</ref>
* [[William Kingdon Clifford|উইলিয়াম কিংডন ক্লিফোর্ড]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1845–1879): ইংরেজ গণিতবিদ এবং দার্শনিক।[[geometric algebra]] নিয়ে কাজ করেছেন। তিনি [[gravitation]] নিয়ে প্রথম ধারণা দেন।<ref>{{বই উদ্ধৃতি|title=A New Approach to Differential Geometry Using Clifford's Geometric Algebra|year=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780817682828|page=111|author=John Snygg|quote=However, the dogmatic position of the Anglican Church against Darwin's theory of evolution induced him to reexamine his beliefs. He soon evolved into an agnostic and then an atheist.}}</ref>
১১৭ নং লাইন: ১৩১ নং লাইন:
* [[Edward Battersby Bailey|স্যার এডওয়ার্ড বাটার্সবাই বেইল]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|রয়াল সোসাইটির ফিলো]] (১৮৮১–১৯৮৫): ব্রিটিশ [[geologist|ভূতাত্ত্বিক]], British Geological Survey এর পরিচালক ছিলেন।<ref>"In religious matters he was an atheist." A.G. MacGregor: "Bailey, Edward Battersby", ''Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography'' Vol. 1 p. 393. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.</ref>
* [[Edward Battersby Bailey|স্যার এডওয়ার্ড বাটার্সবাই বেইল]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|রয়াল সোসাইটির ফিলো]] (১৮৮১–১৯৮৫): ব্রিটিশ [[geologist|ভূতাত্ত্বিক]], British Geological Survey এর পরিচালক ছিলেন।<ref>"In religious matters he was an atheist." A.G. MacGregor: "Bailey, Edward Battersby", ''Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography'' Vol. 1 p. 393. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.</ref>
* [[Walter Bradford Cannon|ওয়াল্টার ব্র্যাডফোর্ড ক্যানোন]] (1871–1945): আমেরিকান [[physiologist|শারীরতত্ববিদ]]। [[Harvard Medical School]] এ শারীরতত্ব বিভাগের সভাপতি এবং অধ্যাপক। তিনি [[fight or flight response]] নামক ধারণার পথপ্রদর্শক। তিনি [[Claude Bernard]] এর ধারণাকে [[homeostasis]] এ সফল প্রয়োগ করেন।.<ref>"Walter Bradford Cannon." Walter Bradford Cannon. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2017. <http://www.nndb.com/people/468/000164973/>.</ref>
* [[Walter Bradford Cannon|ওয়াল্টার ব্র্যাডফোর্ড ক্যানোন]] (1871–1945): আমেরিকান [[physiologist|শারীরতত্ববিদ]]। [[Harvard Medical School]] এ শারীরতত্ব বিভাগের সভাপতি এবং অধ্যাপক। তিনি [[fight or flight response]] নামক ধারণার পথপ্রদর্শক। তিনি [[Claude Bernard]] এর ধারণাকে [[homeostasis]] এ সফল প্রয়োগ করেন।.<ref>"Walter Bradford Cannon." Walter Bradford Cannon. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2017. <http://www.nndb.com/people/468/000164973/>.</ref>
* [[Wallace L. W. Sargent]] (1935–2012): American astronomer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wallace Sargent|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/405/000172886/|publisher=NNDB.com|accessdate=17 July 2012}}</ref>
* [[Wander Johannes de Haas]] (1878–1960): Dutch physicist and mathematician who is best known for the [[Shubnikov–de Haas effect]], the [[de Haas–van Alphen effect]] and the [[Einstein–de Haas effect]].<ref>Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. A Biography (2005) – Dirk van Delft The man of absolute zero – https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/delf006heik01_01/delf006heik01_01_0038.php&prev=search "which prevented the atheist De Haas had nothing to do with the Catholic piety of Keesom."</ref>


===ক থেকে ঝ===
===ক থেকে ঝ===

০৭:০১, ৯ জুন ২০১৭ তারিখে সংশোধিত সংস্করণ

বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তির জগতে যারা নাস্তিক, তাদের নিয়েই এই তালিকাটি তৈরী হয়েছে। এ তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্ত যেসব ব্যক্তিরা এখন জীবিত বা মৃত, তারা নিজেদের জনসম্মুখে নাস্তিক বলে আখ্যায়িত করেছেন। তাদের নাস্তিকতাবাদী ভাবনা তাদের কার্যক্রম এবং ব্যক্তিগত জীবনে বেশ ভালোভাবেই প্রতিফলিত হয়েছে। শুধুমাত্র 'ঈশ্বরে বিশ্বাস করি না' এ ধরনের একটি বিবৃতির ফলেই তালিকাতে কাওকে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয় নি। অন্যান্য তথ্য-প্রমাণ এবং উৎসের ভিত্তিতেই এই তালিকাটি প্রস্তুত করা হয়েছে।

বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তিতে

Zhores Alferov
ফিলিপ ওয়ারেন এণ্ডারসন
স্যাভান্তে আরহেনিয়াস
চিত্র:John Desmond Bernal.jpg
জন ডেসমণ্ড বার্নাল
হান্স বেটে
প্যাট্রিক ব্লাকেট
নীলস বোর
ফ্রাঙ্ক ম্যাকফারলেন বার্নেট
জ্যামস চ্যাডউইক
উইলিয়াম ক্লিফোর্ড
ফ্রান্সিস ক্রিক
আইরিন জোলিও কুরি
আলেমবার্ট
রিচার্ড ডকিন্স
পল ডিরাক
পল এরেনফেস্ট
পল এরডোস
চিত্র:Hugh-Everett.jpg
হাগ এভারেট ৩
চিত্র:Richard Feynman Nobel.jpg
রিচার্ড ফাইনম্যান
ক্যামিলিও গলজি
এডমণ্ড হ্যালি
জি এইচ হার্ডি
স্টিফেন হকিং
পিটার হিগস
চিত্র:Fred Hoyle.jpg
ফ্রেড হয়েল
চিত্র:Alfred Charles Kinsey.jpg
আলফ্রেড কিনসি
ক্রাউস
লানডাউ
পল লটারবার
রিচার্ড লিকি
জিন মেরি লেন
আর্নেস্ট মাচ
এন্ড্রে মার্কভ
John McCarthy|জন ম্যাককার্থি
মার্ভিন মিন্সকি
গ্যাস্পার্ড মনগে
জন ফর্বস নাস
আলফ্রেড নোবেল
লিনাস পলিং
আইভান পাভলভ
রজার পেনরোজ
হেনরি পোইনকেয়ার
ডেরেক জে দ্য সোলা প্রাইজ
চিত্র:Russell in 1938.jpg
বার্ট্রান্ড রাসেল
অলিভার স্যাকস
মেঘনাদ সাহা
আন্ড্রে| সাকহারভ
এরউইন স্রোডিঞ্জার
ড্যান সেচম্যান
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ক্রমানুসারে তালিকা

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  • বরিস চার্টক (১৯১২-২০১১): বিখ্যাত Soviet এবং রাশিয়ান রকেট ডিজাইনার। তিনি Rockets and People নামক বিখ্যাত বই যা Soviet space program এর ইতিহাসের সুনির্দিষ্ট বই এর যা চার খণ্ডে বিভক্ত তার লেখক। [২৩৩]
  • বি.এফ.স্কিনার (১৯০৪-১৯৯০): মার্কিনী মনোবিদ, লেখক, সমাজ দার্শনিক। তিনি দর্শনমুলক বিজ্ঞানের উন্নয়ন ঘটান, যাকে তিনি radical behaviorism বলতেন। তিনি ব্যবহারিক গবেষণামুলক পরীক্ষা experimental analysis of behavior এর প্রতিষ্ঠাতা। তিনি ১৯৫৮ থেকে ১৯৭৪ অবদি হার্ভাড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এর মনোবিজ্ঞান বিভাগের অধ্যক্ষ ছিলেন।[২৩৪]
  • বরিস সিডিস (১৮৬৭-১৯২৩): রাশিয়ান মার্কিনী মনোবিদ, ডাক্তার, মানসিক চিকিৎসক এবং এডুকেশনের দার্শনিক। তিনি New York State Psychopathic Institute এবং Journal of Abnormal Psychology প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। তিনি শিশু প্রডিজি William James Sidis এর পিতা।[৪৮]
  • বার্ট্রান্ড রাসেল (১৮৭২-১৯২০): ব্রিটিশ দার্শনিক, যুক্তিবিদ, গণিতজ্ঞ,ইতিহাসবেত্তা, লেখক, সমাজ সমালোচক এবং রাজনৈতিক কর্মী। তাকে বিবেচনা করা হয় analytic philosophyর অন্যতম প্রতিষ্ঠাতা হিসেবে।[২৩৫]
  • ব্রিগিড হগান FRS (১৯৪৩–): ব্রিটিশ জীববিজ্ঞানী, Duke University র অধ্যাপক।[২৩৬]
  • বেভারলি হ্যালস্টিড (১৯৩৩-১৯৯১): ব্রিটিশ জীবাশ্মবিদ। তিনি সাধারণ মানুষের কাছে বিজ্ঞান জনপ্রিয় করণে কাজ করেছেন। [২৩৭]
  • ব্রাইয়ান কক্স OBE (১৯৬৮–): ইংরেজ কণাবিজ্ঞানি, তিনি রয়েল সোসাইটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের গবেষক, ম্যানচেস্টার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের অধ্যাপক। BBC র বেশ কিছু বিজ্ঞানবিষয়ক প্রামান্যচিত্র নির্মাণ এবং উপস্থাপনের জন্য বিখ্যাত। ১৯৯০ এর দিকে পপ ব্যাণ্ড-D:Ream এর কিবোর্ড প্লেয়ার হিসেবে বেশ কিছু সুখ্যাতি ছিল।[২৩৮][২৩৯]

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বাতিল করা হয়েছে

বাতিল করা হবে

তথ্যসূত্র

  1. ↑ Charlie Rose, interviewing Oliver Sacks, asked him whether he believed in God. Sacks replied, "I can't imagine what it meant.... No, I guess not." Originally aired on Charlie Rose, 23 Feb. 1995; re-aired, in commemoration of Sacks' death, on 11 Sept. 2015.
  2. ↑ "All of which makes the Wingate Prize a matter of bemusement. "Yes, tell me," he says, frowning. "What is it, and why are they giving it to an old Jewish atheist who has unkind things to say about Zionism?" "Oliver Burkeman interviewing Sacks, 'Inside Story: Sacks appeal', The Guardian, May 10, 2002, Features Pages, Pg. 4.
  3. ↑ "Oliver Smithies Interview: Session 1" (পিডিএফ)। UCLA Oral History of Human Genetics। অক্টোবর ২৭, ২০০৫। But that tells you about my religious affiliation, which is not very strong, and I must say I’m not even an agnostic. I’m just an atheist in real life. 
  4. ↑ Carol Parikh (২০০৮)। The Unreal Life of Oscar Zariski। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 5। আইএসবিএন 9780387094298। And yet it did, even though since moving into the boarding house he had become an atheist and most of his friends, including his best friend, were Russians. 
  5. ↑ "Oscar Riddle"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ জুলাই ২০১২। 
  6. ↑ Pendergrast, Mark. Inside the Outbreaks: The Elite Medical Detectives of the Epidemic Intelligence Service. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. Print. "She knew that her father was an atheist who did not believe in an afterlife..."
  7. ↑ "Dillwyn [Knox, son of an Evangelical bishop] was from his student years an unwavering atheist." Alan Hollinghurst, "The Victory of Penelope Fitzgerald" (a review of Hermione Lee, Penelope Fitzgerald [a niece of Alfred Dillwyn Knox]: A Life, Knopf, 488 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXI, no. 19 (December 4, 2014), p. 8. (The article comprises pp. 8, 10, 12.)
  8. ↑ Todd Tucker (২০০৮)। The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science। U of Minnesota Press। পৃষ্ঠা 146। আইএসবিএন 978-0-8166-5161-0। Max's advocates made up a diverse cast of characters, from the Jewish Peace Fellowship leader Rabbi Isador Hoffman to the atheist Ancel Keys, who wrote the committee that Max “proved to be a highly reliable and conscientious man who comported himself well under the most rigorous and demanding circumstances." 
  9. ↑ John Beloff (1997). Parapsychology: A Concise History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 47. ISBN 9780312173760. "He seems an unlikely convert considering that his atheistic views had debarred him from a position at Oxford or Cambridge but his involvement with spiritualism was partly due to his wife, Sophia."
  10. ↑ "There is a word in our language with which I shall not confuse this subject, both on account of the dishonourable use which is frequently made of it, as an imputation thrown by one sect upon another, and of the variety of significations attached to it. I shall use the world Anti-Deism to signify the opinion that there does not exist a Creator who made and sustains the Universe." Augustus De Morgan, An essay on probabilities: and on their application to life contingencies and insurance offices (1838), page 22.
  11. ↑ Memoir of Augustus De Morgan. Longmans, Geen, and Company. 1882. p. 393. "So you called me an atheist vagabond, fancying that Voltaie was an atheist : he was, in fact, theistic to bigotry, and anti-revolutionist to the same extent."
  12. ↑ J. (2013). 50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God (Part 3). Retrieved September 04, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHv__O8wvZI
  13. ↑ Michael Martin (২০০৭)। The Cambridge Companion to Atheism। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 310। আইএসবিএন 9780521842709। Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including G. Stanley Hall, John B. Watson, Carl R. Rogers...Abraham Maslow...Maslow was a second-generation atheist, and his father was a militant freethinker. 
  14. ↑ "'He brings a humanness to (science) that's very refreshing'"। Rediff On The News। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩১ অক্টোবর ২০১৪। Although he is an atheist, Dr Ashtekar says, his attitude toward work is from the Hindu religious text, the Bhagavad Gita. 
  15. ↑ Joseph McCabe (১৯৪৫)। A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers। Haldeman-Julius Publications। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৭ এপ্রিল ২০১৩। He was not only a distinguished German physicist and one of the most famous inventors on the staff at the Zeiss optical works at Jena but a notable social reformer, By a generous scheme of profit-sharing he virtually handed over the great Zeiss enterprise to the workers. Abbe was an intimate friend of Haeckel and shared his atheism (or Monism). Leonard Abbot says in his life of Ferrer that Abbe had "just the same ideas and aims as Ferrer." 
  16. ↑ Neil Schlager; Josh Lauer (২০০০)। Science and its times: understanding the social significance of scientific discovery (illustrated সংস্করণ)। Gale Group। পৃষ্ঠা 112। আইএসবিএন 978-0-7876-3939-6। Alexander Oparin (1894-1980), an atheist, suggested that natural chemical reactions produced biological molecules that came together to form the first living thing. 
  17. ↑ Pavlov's follower E.M. Kreps asked him whether he was religious. Kreps writes that Pavlov smiled and replied: "Listen, good fellow, in regard to [claims of] my religiosity, my belief in God, my church attendance, there is no truth in it; it is sheer fantasy. I was a seminarian, and like the majority of seminarians, I became an unbeliever, an atheist in my school years." Quoted in George Windholz, "Pavlov's Religious Orientation", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 25, no. 3 (Sept. 1986), pp. 320–27.
  18. ↑ https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/articles/russia/
  19. ↑ Michael Evlanoff; Marjorie Fluor (1969). Alfred Nobel, the loneliest millionaire. W. Ritchie Press. p. 88. "He declared himself an agnostic in his youth, an atheist later, but at the same time, bestowed generous sums to the church..."
  20. ↑ Cobb, Cathy, and Harold Goldwhite. Creations of Fire: Chemistry's Lively History from Alchemy to the Atomic Age. New York: Plenum, 1995. Print. "But Nobel, both atheist and a socialist..."
  21. ↑ "Denjoy was an atheist, but tolerant of others' religious views; he was very interested in philosophical, psychological, and social issues." "Denjoy, Arnaud", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 17, p.219. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
  22. ↑ Nielsen, Stevan Lars & Ellis, Albert. (1994). "A discussion with Albert Ellis: Reason, emotion and religion", Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 13(4), Win 1994. pp. 327-341
  23. ↑ "This loss shattered Turing's religious faith and led him into atheism..." Time 100 profile of Alan Turing, p. 2
  24. ↑ "He was an atheist..." Alan Turing: Father of the computer, BBC News, April 28, 1999. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
  25. ↑ Gennady Gorelik; Antonina W. Bouis (২০০৫)। The World of Andrei Sakharov: A Russian Physicist's Path to Freedom। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 356। আইএসবিএন 9780195156201। Apparently Sakharov did not need to delve any deeper into it for a long time, remaining a totally nonmilitant atheist with an open heart. 
  26. ↑ Gennadiĭ Efimovich Gorelik; Antonina W. Bouis (২০০৫)। The World of Andrei Sakharov: A Russian Physicist's Path to Freedom। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 158। আইএসবিএন 9780195156201। Sakharov was not invited to this seminar. Like most of the physicists of his generation, he was an atheist. 
  27. ↑ Todd K. Shackelford; Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford, সম্পাদকগণ (২০১২)। The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Violence, Homicide, and War। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 465। আইএসবিএন 9780199738403। The Soviet dissident most responsible for defeating communism, Andrei Sakharov, was an atheist. 
  28. ↑ "Biblical scholar Jacques Berlinerblau points out, in an interesting recent book, The Secular Bible: Why Nonbelievers Must Take Religion Seriously (2005), that most contemporary atheists and agnostics — myself included, I must confess — are astoundingly ignorant of the details of the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Qur'an (not to mention the Bhagavad Gita and the Tripitaka, one could add). ... When all is said and done, I see no reason to amend my judgment that the existence of the Jewish, Christian, Islamic or Hindu gods is about as plausible, given the currently available evidence, as the existence of Zeus or Thor." — Alan Sokal, Beyond the Hoax: Science, Philosophy and Culture (2008).
  29. ↑ Dina Kraft (মার্চ ১৪, ২০১৩)। "'Repairing the world' was Aaron Swartz's calling"। Haaretz। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৩ মার্চ ২০১৩। And although the young technologist and activist grew up to call himself an atheist, the values he grew up with appeared foundational. 
  30. ↑ "They became correspondents and, surprisingly since Tansley was an avowed atheist, friends." – Peter G. Ayres, Shaping Ecology: The Life of Arthur Tansley, page 139.
  31. ↑ "Most of the Socialist Party members were also in favor of assimilation, and Tarski's political allegiance was socialist at the time. So, along with its being a practical move, becoming more Polish than Jewish was an ideological statement and was approved by many, though not all, of his colleagues. As to why Tarski, a professed atheist, converted, that just came with the territory and was part of the package: if you were going to be Polish then you had to say you were Catholic." Anita Burdman Feferman, Solomon Feferman, Alfred Tarski: Life and Logic (2004), page 39.
  32. ↑ "It was to her grandfather, a convinced freethinker, that Irène owed her atheism, later politically expressed as anticlericalism." Joliot-Curie, Irène. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 17 Mar. 2012.
  33. ↑ Denis Brian। The Curies: A Biography of the Most Controversial Family 89। There were no prayers: Irene was deeply atheist. 
  34. ↑ "Kinsey was also shown to be an atheist who loathed religion and its constraints on sex." 'Kinsey' critics ready, Cheryl Wetzstein, The Washington Times. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
  35. ↑ "An appreciation of biologist Ernst Mayr (1904-2005)"। Wsws.org। ২০০৫-০৫-০৩। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  36. ↑ R. S. Cohen; Raymond J. Seeger (১৯৭৫)। Ernst Mach, Physicist and Philosopher। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 158। আইএসবিএন 978-90-277-0016-2। And Mach, in personal conviction, was a socialist and an atheist. 
  37. ↑ Gregory Scott Charak (২০০৭)। Between Soul and Precision: Ernst Mach's Biological Empiricism and the Social Democratic Philosophy of Science। ProQuest। পৃষ্ঠা 94। আইএসবিএন 9780549129738। Both make explicit claims against the pseudo-problems generated by materialism, and although Mach the atheist would have no gripe with “irreligion” per se, as a pacifist and a socialist he was indeed an ardent proponent of “peace. 
  38. ↑ Helge Kragh (২০০৪)। Matter And Spirit In The Universe: Scientific And Religious Preludes To Modern Cosmology। OECD Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা 55। আইএসবিএন 9781860944697। The Austrian positivist physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach was nominally a Catholic, but in reality he was an atheist and strongly opposed to Christian doctrines. 
  39. ↑ "Of course, Markov, an atheist and eventual excommunicate of the Church quarreled endlessly with his equally outspoken counterpart Nekrasov. The disputes between Markov and Nekrasov were not limited to mathematics and religion, they quarreled over political and philosophical issues as well." Gely P. Basharin, Amy N. Langville, Valeriy A. Naumov, The Life and Work of A. A. Markov, page 6.
  40. ↑ Loren R. Graham; Jean-Michel Kantor (২০০৯)। Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity। Harvard University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 69। আইএসবিএন 978-0-674-03293-4। Markov (1856–1922), on the other hand, was an atheist and a strong critic of the Orthodox Church and the tsarist government (Nekrasov exaggeratedly called him a Marxist). 
  41. ↑ Yuval Ne'eman (২০০৩)। Studies in memory of Issai Schur। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা xxi। আইএসবিএন 9780817642082। Unfortunately I am a 100% skeptic (an "Epicurus" in Yiddish), an atheist although not in an aggressive connotation. 
  42. ↑ Michael P. Prior (১৯৯৭)। The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique। Continuum International Publishing Group। পৃষ্ঠা 164। আইএসবিএন 978-1-85075-815-0। Although an atheist, Neeman believes that traditions are important for a revolutionary movement, and he strongly defends the spiritual heritage of the Jewish people, preaches a retum to biblical sources, and is in constant dialogue with the ultra-nationalist-religious groupings. 
  43. ↑ Provine, William B.; Johnson, Phillip E. (জুন ২, ১৯৯৫)। "Darwinism: Science or Naturalistic Philosophy?, A Debate Between William B. Provine and Phillip E. Johnson at Stanford University, April 30, 1994"। Origins Research। Access Research Network। 16 (1)।  Video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7dG9U1vQ_U.
  44. ↑ Donald De Marco; Donald DeMarco; Benjamin Wiker (২০০৪)। Architects of the Culture of Death। Ignatius Press। পৃষ্ঠা 223। আইএসবিএন 9781586170165। Wilhelm declared himself a "confirmed atheist" at the age of eight. 
  45. ↑ "When Wright was nine his father died of leukaemia and he moved with his mother and younger sister to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. There he enrolled in the Episcopal High School and duly became an atheist." Ajesh Partalay interviewing Wright, 'Master of the Universe', The Observer, 14 September 2008 (accessed 15 September 2008).
  46. ↑ Wilhelm Wundt. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2017.<http://www.nndb.com/people/531/000053372/>.
  47. ↑ "A firm atheist, he was interested in, though unconvinced by, the paranormal, and also did research on hypnosis." Ray Cooper, 'Walter, (William) Grey (1910–1977)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, May 2007 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  48. ↑ ক খ Doug Renselle। "A Review of Amy Wallace's The Prodigy"। Quantonics, Inc.। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০ জুন ২০১২। Rabid atheist by age six. (His father, Boris, was too, but intensely studied great religious works.) 
  49. ↑ Joel N. Shurkin (২০০৮)। Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age। Palgrave Macmillan। পৃষ্ঠা 133। আইএসবিএন 9780230551923। He considered himself an atheist and never went to church. 
  50. ↑ Jürgen Kocka (২০১০)। Jürgen Kocka, সম্পাদক। Work in a Modern Society: The German Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective। Berghahn Books। পৃষ্ঠা 45। আইএসবিএন 978-1-84545-575-0। Even Wilhelm Ostwald, who was the most radical atheist among these scholars, uses the instrument of the 'Monistic Sunday Sermons' to spread his ideas on rationality. 
  51. ↑ John Snygg (২০১১)। A New Approach to Differential Geometry Using Clifford's Geometric Algebra। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 111। আইএসবিএন 9780817682828। However, the dogmatic position of the Anglican Church against Darwin's theory of evolution induced him to reexamine his beliefs. He soon evolved into an agnostic and then an atheist. 
  52. ↑ "William Bateson was a very militant atheist and a very bitter man, I fancy. Knowing that I was interested in biology, they invited me when I was still a school girl to go down and see the experimental garden. I remarked to him what I thought then, and still think, that doing research must be the most wonderful thing in the world and he snapped at me that it wasn’t wonderful at all, it was tedious, disheartening, annoying and anyhow you didn’t need an experimental garden to do research." Interview with Dr. Cecilia Gaposchkin by Owen Gingerich, March 5, 1968.
  53. ↑ "By that time Longuet-Higgins had become a convinced atheist, although he still respected many of the features of the Church of England." John Murrell, 'Higgins, (Hugh) Christopher Longuet- (1923–2004)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edition, Oxford University Press, January 2008 (accessed May 1, 2008).
  54. ↑ J. (2013). 50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God (Part 3). Retrieved September 04, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHv__O8wvZI
  55. ↑ "About the same time he stopped observing Jewish religious rituals and rejected a cause he had once embraced, Zionism. He "just didn't want to participate in any division of the human race, whether religious or political," he explained decades later (Wershba, p. 12), by which time he was a confirmed atheist." Keay Davidson: "Fromm, Erich Pinchas", American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000 (accessed April 28, 2008) [১].
  56. ↑ "The three laboratories unanimously agreed that the cloth dated from between 1260 and 1390, a date consistent with its known history—but which demolished the notion of its being the burial shroud of Christ. Hall, who made no secret of his atheism, had no hesitation in enjoying the public attention that this definitive result attracted." Robert Hedges, 'Hall, Edward Thomas [Teddy] (1924–2001)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edition, Oxford University Press, January 2005 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  57. ↑ "It can hardly have been due to any reluctance on Newton's part to becoming too closely involved with Halley, the well-known atheist." Derek Gjertsen, The Newton Handbook (1986), page 250.
  58. ↑ "Ernst Mach"। Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy। মে ২১, ২০০৮। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৪ সেপ্টেম্বর ২০১২। Hering and Mach were atheists, and disbelieved in a soul, but still accepted the idea that nature had internal direction. 
  59. ↑ David Edwards (সেপ্টে ২৪, ২০১৪)। "Stephen Hawking comes out: 'I'm an atheist' because science is 'more convincing' than God"। Raw Story। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৫ সেপ্টেম্বর ২০১৪। 
  60. ↑ "The question of the origin of the matter in the universe is no longer thought to be beyond the range of science — everything can be created from nothing...it is fair to say that the universe is the ultimate free lunch." Alan Guth, The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins (1998). q:Atheism
  61. ↑ "There is no clear record that he was professionally restricted in Russia because of his lineage, but he sympathized with the problem his Jewish colleagues suffered owing to Russian anti-Semitism; his personal religious commitment was to atheism, although he received strict Christian religious training at home." Alfred I. Tauber, Leon Chernyak, Metchnikoff and the origins of immunology: from metaphor to theory, page 5.
  62. ↑ Michel Meulders (২০১০)। "5: Helmholtz and the Understanding of Nature"। Laurence Garey। Helmholtz: From Enlightenment to Neuroscience। MIT Press। পৃষ্ঠা 74। আইএসবিএন 9780262014489। Du Bois-Reymond was a self-proclaimed atheist but more through intimate conviction than logical necessity. 
  63. ↑ "In religious matters he was an atheist." A.G. MacGregor: "Bailey, Edward Battersby", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 1 p. 393. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
  64. ↑ "Walter Bradford Cannon." Walter Bradford Cannon. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2017. <http://www.nndb.com/people/468/000164973/>.
  65. ↑ "Wallace Sargent"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জুলাই ২০১২। 
  66. ↑ Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. A Biography (2005) – Dirk van Delft The man of absolute zero – https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/delf006heik01_01/delf006heik01_01_0038.php&prev=search "which prevented the atheist De Haas had nothing to do with the Catholic piety of Keesom."
  67. ↑ Tom Siegfried (জুন ২৮, ২০১৩)। "When the atom went quantum – Bohr's revolutionary atomic theory trns 100"। Society for Science & the Public 2000। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১ জুলাই ২০১৩। As for standard religion, though, Bohr was unsympathetic. His mother was a nonpracticing Jew, his father an atheist Lutheran. 
  68. ↑ Clarke, Peter. All in the Mind?: Does Neuroscience Challenge Faith? N.p.: Lion, 2015. Print. "Blakemore is indeed an atheist..."
  69. ↑ ক খ "Napoleon replies: "How comes it, then, that Laplace was an atheist? At the Institute neither he nor Monge, nor Berthollet, nor Lagrange believed in God. But they did not like to say so." Baron Gaspard Gourgaud, Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena with General Baron Gourgaud (1904), page 274.
  70. ↑ "Twitter / therealcliffyb: And I'm not Jewish. I'm an Atheist"। Twitter.com। ২০১৩-০৬-১৯। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১৪-০২-১১। 
  71. ↑ McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries of Controversy: Yale UP, 2011. Print. "Karl Pearson...was a zealous atheist..."
  72. ↑ Porter, Theodore M. Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2004. Print.
  73. ↑ Paolo Mazzarello; Henry A. Buchtel; Aldo Badiani (1999). The hidden structure: a scientific biography of Camillo Golgi. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-852444-1. It was probably during this period that Golgi became agnostic (or even frankly atheistic), remaining for the rest of his life completely alien to the religious experience.
  74. ↑ Rapport, Richard L. Nerve Endings: The Discovery of the Synapse. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Print.
  75. ↑ Atlantseglaren från Bromma vill tänja gränsen mot rymden, Dagens Nyheter, December 10, 2006.
  76. ↑ "Chris Langton"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ জুলাই ২০১২। 
  77. ↑ "...he always remained true to his own concepts and ideals and did not dissimulate. His open designation of himself as "atheist" in "Who's Who in America" and his opposition to the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Allies..." H J Muller, 'Dr. Calvin B. Bridges', Nature 143, 191-192 (04 Feb 1939).
  78. ↑ Michael Ruse (২০১০)। "Introductory Essay for Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning"। International Society for Science & Religion। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ নভেম্বর ২০১৩। 
  79. ↑ John Farrell (৫ আগস্ট ২০১৩)। "A Nobel Laureate And Proponent Of Original Sin"। Forbes। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ নভেম্বর ২০১৩। 
  80. ↑ "Nobel-winning cancer researcher ends his own life"। ABC। ৭ মে ২০১৩। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ নভেম্বর ২০১৩। 
  81. ↑ Martin Childs (১৪ মে ২০১৩)। "Christian de Duve: Authority on cell mechanisms"। The Independent। London। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ নভেম্বর ২০১৩। 
  82. ↑ "The study of medicine also contributed to a loss of religious faith and to becoming atheist." Michael Heidelberger, Nature from within: Gustav Theodor Fechner and his psychophysical worldview, page 21.
  83. ↑ Noel G. Charlton (২০০৮)। Understanding Gregory Bateson: mind, beauty, and the sacred earth। SUNY Press। পৃষ্ঠা 29। আইএসবিএন 9780791474525। This was to be the last large-scale work of lifelong atheist Bateson, seeking to understand the meaning of the sacred. 
  84. ↑ "Yet, sailing to Egypt, he had lain on deck, asking his scientists whether the planets were inhabited, how old the Earth was, and whether it would perish by fire or by flood. Many, like his friend Gaspard Monge, the first man to liquefy a gas, were atheists." Vincent Cronin, The View from Planet Earth: Man looks at the Cosmos, page 164.
  85. ↑ Laure Junot Abrantès (১৮৮১)। Memoirs of Napoleon, His Court and Family, Volume 2। D. Appleton। পৃষ্ঠা 276। 
  86. ↑ "I am so sorry to hear of Asher's passing. I will miss his scientific insight and advice, but even more his humor and stuborn integrity. I remember when one of his colleagues complained about Asher's always rejecting his manuscript when they were sent to him to referee. Asher said in effect, "You should thank me. I am only trying to protect your reputation."He often pretended to consult me, a fellow atheist, on matters of religious protocol. As we waited in line to eat the hors d'oeuvres at a conference in Evanston, he said, "There is a prayer Jews traditionally say when they do something new that they have never done before. I am about to eat a new kind of non-Kosher food. Do you think I should say the prayer?" My wife and grown children, who are visiting us this new year, and remember Asher from when we all lived in Cambridge 20 years ago, join me in sending you our condolences for this sudden loss of an irrepressible and irreplaceable person. Please convey our feelings especially to your mother at this difficult time. " Charles H. Bennett's letter written to the family of Israeli physicist, Asher Peres, A selection of the many letters of condolence sent to the Peres family during January 2005 .
  87. ↑ "Georges Charpak"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জুলাই ২০১২। 
  88. ↑ Charpak, Georges, and Henri Broch. Debunked!: ESP, telekinesis, and other pseudoscience. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins U Press, 2004. Print.
  89. ↑ Replied to an user in his Twitter "I don't believe in god, but I don't see any correlation between religiosity and human virtues. Merry Xmas everyone!" https://twitter.com/ID_AA_Carmack/status/18382634732224512
  90. ↑ "Having a reasonable grounding in statistics and probability and no belief in luck, fate, karma, or god(s), the only casino game that interests me is blackjack," he wrote in a .plan file." – John D. Carmack, David Kushner, Masters of Doom: How two guys created an Empire and transformed Pop Culture (2003).
  91. ↑ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ani/Prof/Most%20Highly%20Cited%20Scientist.pdf
  92. ↑ "Conway propped up the pillow behind his head and grinned. "I like showing off. When I make a new discovery, and I really like telling people about it. I guess I'm not so much a mathematician as a teacher. In America, kids aren't supposed to like mathematics. It's so sad.' Conway sat up suddenly. 'Most people think that mathematics is cold. But it's not at all! For me, the whole damn thing is sensual and exciting. I like what it looks like, and I get a hell of a lot more pleasure out of math than most people do out of art!' He relaxed slightly, and he lowered his voice. 'I feel like an artist. I like beautiful things – they're there already; man doesn't have to create it. I don't believe in God, but I believe that nature is unbelievably subtle and clever. In physics, for instance, the real answer to a problem is usually so subtle and surprising that it wasn't even considered in the first place. That the speed of light is a constant – impossible! Nobody even thought about it. And quantum mechanics is even worse, but it's so beautiful, and it works!"", John Horton Conway in an interview with Charles Seife, The Sciences (1994).
  93. ↑ Kroto, Harold (২০১৫)। "Sir John Cornforth ('Kappa'): Some Personal Recollections"। Australian Journal of Chemistry। 68 (4): 697–698। ডিওআই:10.1071/CH14601। 
  94. ↑ George Beadle, An Uncommon Farmer: The Emergence of Genetics in the 20th Century. CSHL Press. 2003. p. 273. ISBN 9780879696887. Beadle's views on this occasion were somewhat more tempered than David's characterization of him as a "vehement atheist," and from his earliest days "intolerant of religion and other forms of superstition.
  95. ↑ Amazon listing of Irreligion: A Mathematician Explains Why the Arguments for God Just Don't Add Up.
  96. ↑ "Although he became an atheist early in life and resented the strict upbringing of his parents’ religion, he identified with Jewish culture and joined several international fights against anti-Semitism." Craver, Carl F: "Axelrod, Julius", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 19 p. 122. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
  97. ↑ "Jacob Appelbaum (Part 1/2) Digital Anti-Repression Workshop – April 26, 2012"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৮ জুন ২০১৩। Like, for me, as an atheist, bisexual, Jew, I'm gonna go on, uh – oh and Emma Goldman is one of my great heroes and I really think that anarchism is a fantastic principle by which to fashion a utopian society even if we can't get there. 
  98. ↑ John Ellis, D. Amati (২০০০)। "Biographical notes on John Bell"। Quantum Reflections। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা xi। আইএসবিএন 9780521630085। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৭। By now, he was also a 'Protestant Atheist', which he remained all his life. 
  99. ↑ Andrew Whitaker; Mary Bell; Shan Gao (সেপ্টে ১৯, ২০১৬)। "1 – John Bell – The Irish Connection"। Quantum Nonlocality and Reality: 50 Years of Bell's Theorem। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 8। আইএসবিএন 9781107104341। John Bell was certainly not interested in Protestantism as such – his wife Mary [33] has reported that he was an atheist most of his life. 
  100. ↑ Bernard Valeur; Jean-Claude Brochon (২০০১)। New Trends in Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical and Life Sciences। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 17। আইএসবিএন 978-3-540-67779-6। Jean and Francis Perrin held similar political and philosophical ideas. Both were socialists and atheists. 
  101. ↑ Mathew Philips। "Tragedy and Opportunity: The parents of slain journalist Danny Pearl have devoted their lives to improving Muslim-Jewish relations."। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১২ জুলাই ২০১৩। I turned secular at the age of 11, by divine revelation. [Laughs.] I was standing on the roof of the house my father built, looking down on the street and suddenly it became very clear to me that there is no God. 
  102. ↑ "In his final chapter de Duve turns to the meaning of life, and considers the ideas of two contrasting Frenchmen: a priest, Teilhard de Chardin, and an existentialist and atheist, Jacques Monod." Peaks, Dust, & Dappled Spots, by Richard Lubbock, Books in Canada: The Canadian Review of Books. Retrieved July 2, 2007.
  103. ↑ A Rough History of Disbelief Official BBC site describing the series
  104. ↑ On the filming of The Atheism Tapes with Sir Jonathan Miller: "We had been friends for a number of years, and had discussed a great many topics, but we had never, except glancingly, ever spoken about religion. We knew about our shared atheism, but the subject didn't seem to warrant much attention; in the Miller-McGinn world it was a non-existent topic. [...] It is often forgotten that atheism of the kind shared by Jonathan and me (and Dawkins and Hitchens et al.) has an ethical motive." Atheism Tapes, Colin McGinn, on his blog. (Accessed April 1, 2008)
  105. ↑ Joseph Mazzini Wheeler (১৮৮৯)। A biographical dictionary of freethinkers of all ages and nations। Progressive publishing company। পৃষ্ঠা 232। Montgolfier (Michel Joseph), aeronaut. b. Aug. 1740. He was the first to ascend in an air balloon, 5 June 1783. A friend of Delambre and La Lalande, he was on the testimony of this last an atheist. Died 26 June 1810. 
  106. ↑ Warren Allen Smith (২০০০)। Who's who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists। Barricade Books। পৃষ্ঠা 762। আইএসবিএন 9781569801581। Also that year, a Montgolfier balloon sailed over Paris in the first manned free balloon flight. Montgolfier served the Revolution with zeal and was much honored. Lalande, who knew him well, wrote that Montgolfier was an atheist. 
  107. ↑ Harmke Kamminga (১৯৯৫)। The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840-1940। Rodopi। পৃষ্ঠা 31। আইএসবিএন 978-90-5183-818-3। Moleschott's atheism is much more prominent, for example, and he declares absurd Liebig's opinion that insights into the laws of nature inevitably lead us to the notion of a Being knowable only through revelation. 
  108. ↑ Sylvia Nasar (২০১১)। "Chapter 17: Bad Boys"। A Beautiful Mind। Simon and Schuster। পৃষ্ঠা 143। আইএসবিএন 9781439126493। In this circle, Nash learned to make a virtue of necessity, styling himself self-consciously as a "free thinker." He announced that he was an atheist. 
  109. ↑ Sylvia Nasar (১৯৯৯)। A Beautiful Mind: A Biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, 1994। Simon and Schuster। আইএসবিএন 9780684853703। Nash, by then an atheist, balked at a Catholic ceremony. He would have been happy to get married in city hall. 
  110. ↑ "Yet they [the NCSE] can afford to ignore us because, in the end, where else can we atheists go for support against creationists? [...] Am I grousing because, as an atheist and a non-accommodationist, my views are simply ignored by the NAS and NCSE? Not at all. I don't want these organizations to espouse or include my viewpoint. I want religion and atheism left completely out of all the official discourse of scientific societies and organizations that promote evolution." Jerry Coyne, 'Truckling to the Faithful: A Spoonful of Jesus Helps Darwin Go Down', April 22, 2009 (accessed 23 April 2009).
  111. ↑ "Despite his atheism Huxley could appreciate Teilhard de Chardin's vision of evolution, and like his grandfather T. H. Huxley he believed progress could be described in biological terms." Robert Olby, 'Huxley, Sir Julian Sorell (1887–1975)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edition, May 2007 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  112. ↑ "He studied at the Jesuit College in Lyon and at this stage he nearly decided to join the Jesuit Order. In fact it was his parents who encouraged him to continue his education by going to Paris to study law, which he did. It is somewhat ironical that Lalande, who would later become renowned as an atheist, should have come so close to becoming a Jesuit." J J O'Connor and E F Robertson, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de Lalande.
  113. ↑ "It is a scene I won’t forget in a hurry: Jean-Marie Lehn, French winner of the Nobel prize in chemistry, defending his atheism at a packed public conference at the new Alexandria Library in Egypt." Ehsan Masood, ProspectMagazine.co.uk, Islam’s reformers, 22nd July 2006.
  114. ↑ "In these years Leslie was an unsuccessful candidate for the chairs of natural philosophy at the universities of St Andrews and Glasgow respectively. He failed at the former because he was then an extreme whig and an atheist who deplored the Erastianism of many of the Scottish clergy." Jack Morrell, 'Leslie, Sir John (1766–1832)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  115. ↑ From a Humanist News interview in Autumn 2001: Interviewer: What is your attitude to religion now? JMS: Ever since reading (J. B. S. Haldane's book) Possible Worlds I have been an atheist, and a semi-conscious atheist before that. I think there are two views you can have about religion. You can be tolerant of it and say, I don't believe in this but I don't mind if other people do, or you can say, I not only don't believe in it but I think it is dangerous and damaging for other people to believe in it and they should be persuaded that they are mistaken. I fluctuate between the two. I am tolerant because religious institutions facilitate some very important work that would not get done otherwise, but then I look around and see what an incredible amount of damage religion is doing. [২]
  116. ↑ "Responding to Richard Dawkins's pestering his fellow atheists to "come out", I mention that I am indeed an atheist. To count oneself as an atheist one need not claim to have a proof that no gods exist. One need merely think that the evidence on the god question is in about the same state as the evidence on the werewolf question." [৩]
  117. ↑ "I met Jeff at The Amazing Meeting 5.5 in Fort Lauderdale in January. We became friends and I read his blog within hours of each posting. He was a programmer, an astronomer, a pro-bono science educator, a hard-nosed skeptic and an atheist. This random blow against a friendly and generous guy is a typical example of the non-plannedness of things." Martin Rundkvist, Jeff Medkeff 1968-2008, Aardvarchaeology blog, August 4, 2008 (accessed August 5, 2008).
  118. ↑ "Hardy... was a stringent atheist..." Hit Play on Ramanujan, by Lisa Drostova, East Bay Express, April 30, 2003. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
  119. ↑ "The first Bombe to be delivered was named Agnus by Turing: a joke that atheist Hardy might have made..." Alan Turing — a Cambridge Scientific Mind, by Andrew Hodges, Cambridge Scientific Minds (Cambridge University Press, 2002) Retrieved July 2, 2007.
  120. ↑ "Prominent Russians: Zhores Alferov"। RT.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২১ এপ্রিল ২০১২। In public life the scientist is a strong supporter of communism, an atheist strongly objecting to advancement of religious education in Russia, and proponent of science and knowledge as the means to see a better future. 
  121. ↑ "Zhores I. Alferov"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২১ এপ্রিল ২০১২। 
  122. ↑ "আমি অন্য কিছুর তুলনায় এটা বলতে অনেক বেশি স্বস্তিবোধ করি,আমি একজন নাস্তিক। এবং এজন্য ডকিন্সের মত মানুষদের ধন্যবাদ না দিলেই নয়।" - Jim Al-Khalili, BBC - Radio 4 - Science Explorer: Jim Al-Khalili featured in The Life Scientific, BBC.co.uk.com.
  123. ↑ Jonathan Israel (২০১১)। Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750-1790। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 115। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-954820-0। D'Alembert, though privately an atheist and materialist, presented the respectable public face of 'la philosophie' in the French capital while remaining henceforth uninterruptedly aligned with Voltaire. 
  124. ↑ James E. Force; Richard Henry Popkin (১৯৯০)। James E. Force; Richard Henry Popkin, সম্পাদকগণ। Essays on the Context, Nature, and Influence of Isaac Newton's Theology। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 167। আইএসবিএন 9780792305835। Unlike the French and English deists, and unlike the scientific atheists such as Diderot, d'Alembert, and d'Holbach,... 
  125. ↑ "James F. Crow dies"। NCSE। জানুয়ারি ৫, ২০১২। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২১ এপ্রিল ২০১২। In his published work, Crow seems not to have mentioned the creationism/evolution controversy at all. But he was deeply concerned with the integrity of science education nevertheless. In a June 1–3, 2005, interview with the Oral History of Human Genetics Project, he was asked how he felt about the persistence of the antievolutionist movement despite the continued advances in understanding evolution. "I am puzzled by this," he answered, adding, "I'm especially puzzled by literate, intelligent, often scientifically trained people who are into intelligent design. ... The argument of so-called irreducible complexity that the intelligent design people make such a to-do over, I think that's a non-issue. ... That to me is a very, very old argument. I'd say the elephant trunk is complicated, too, and a lot more complicated than the bacterial flagellum. So what's new in this argument?" Reiterating "I am worried about creationism," he offered his view about science and religion: "My own views are atheistic, but I don't go around preaching atheism. 
  126. ↑ "James Franck was born in Hamburg, the son of a Jewish banker. ...As he said, science was his God and nature his religion. He did not insist that his daughters attend religious instruction classes (Religionsunterricht) in school. But he was very proud of his Jewish heritage..." David Nachmansohn, German-Jewish pioneers in science, 1900-1933: highlights in atomic physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, page 62.
  127. ↑ Andrew Brown (১৯৯৭)। The neutron and the bomb: a biography of Sir James Chadwick। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 362। আইএসবিএন 9780198539926। He was a lifelong atheist and felt no need to develop religious faith as he approached the end of his life. 
  128. ↑ "The Bernals were originally Sephardic Jews who came to Ireland in 1840 from Spain via Amsterdam and London. They converted to Catholicism and John was Jesuit-educated. John enthusiastically supported the Easter Rising and, as a boy, he organised a Society for Perpetual Adoration. He moved away from religion as an adult, becoming an atheist." William Reville, John Desmond Bernal – The Sage.
  129. ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্রুটি: <ref> ট্যাগ বৈধ নয়; George Washington Crile নামের সূত্রটির জন্য কোন লেখা প্রদান করা হয়নি
  130. ↑ ANDERSON: "What, uh, one thing I’m fascinated with is, of course, George Gamow left the university in ’59 [1956], and Edward Teller had left in 1946 [1945] and went to the University of Chicago. But do you have any recollections of maybe some of the, anything between Dr. Marvin and Dr. Gamow, as far as, just before he left and went to Colorado?" NAESER: "Ah, no, I don’t know of any. I know Gamow made no, never did hide the fact that he was an atheist, but whether that came into the picture, I don’t know. But the story around the university was that Gamow and Mrs. Gamow were divorced, but they were in the same social circles some of the time, he thought it was better to get out of Washington. That’s why he went to Ohio State." The George Washington University and Foggy Bottom Historical Encyclopedia, Gamow, George and Edward Teller, October 23, 1996.
  131. ↑ Grote Reber। "The Big Bang Is Bunk" (পিডিএফ)। 21st Century Science Associates.। পৃষ্ঠা 44। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৮ মে ২০১২। After the initial mathematical work on relativity the ory had been done, the Big Bang theory itself was invented by a Belgian priest, Georges lemaitre, im proved upon by an avowed atheist, George Gamow, and is now all but universally accepted by those who hold advanced degrees in astronomy and the physical sciences, despite its obvious absurdity. 
  132. ↑ Simon Singh (২০১০)। Big Bang। HarperCollins UK। আইএসবিএন 9780007375509। Surprisingly, the atheist George Gamow enjoyed the Papal attention given to his field of research. 
  133. ↑ Jane Gregory (২০০৫)। "Fighting for space"। Fred Hoyle's Universe। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 71। আইএসবিএন 9780191578465। Gamow was, like Hoyle, an atheist, but he was familiar with organized religion: his grandfather was the Metropolitan, the senior bishop, of Odessa Cathedral. 
  134. ↑ প্রচল{সংবাদ উদ্ধৃতি|title=Paths of Discovery, Lighted by a Bug Man’s Insights|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/05/science/05angier.html?pagewanted=all%7Cpublisher=The New York Times|accessdate=19 April 2012|author=Natalie Angier|date=April 4, 2011|quote=Dr. Eisner died from complications of his disease on March 25, at the age of 81. He had a notoriously mordant sense of humor: “I may not believe in God,” he once said, “but I don’t ring doorbells saying I’m a Seventh-Day Atheist,”...}}
  135. ↑ George Pendle (২০০৬)। Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons। Houghton Mifflin Harcourt। পৃষ্ঠা 69। আইএসবিএন 9780156031790। The Nobel Prize-winning geneticist and stringent atheist Thomas Hunt Morgan was developing the chromosome theory of heredity by examining his swarm of mutated Drosophila (fruit flies) through a jeweler's loupe. 
  136. ↑ "Morgan's passion for experimentation was symptomatic of his general scepticism and his distaste for speculation. He believed only what could be proven. He was said to be an atheist, and I have always believed that he was. Everything I knew about him—his scepticism, his honesty—was consistent with disbelief in the supernatural." Norman H. Horowitz, T. H. Morgan at Caltech: A Reminiscence, Genetics, Vol. 149, 1629-1632, August 1998, Copyright © 1998.
  137. ↑ http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3677/1/Goodstein.pdf
  138. ↑ http://www.genetics.org/content/149/4/1629.short
  139. ↑ "Nelson's hatred of conventional structure made him difficult to educate. Bored and disgusted by school, he once plotted to stab his seventh-grade teacher with a sharpened screwdriver, but lost his nerve at the last minute and walked out of the classroom, never to return. On his long walk home, he came up with the four maxims that have guided his life: most people are fools, most authority is malignant, God does not exist, and everything is wrong." Warren Allen Smith, Celebrities in Hell, pages 88–89.
  140. ↑ "[Religion] is not an easy subject to deal with, but as zoologists we must do our best to observe what actually happens rather than listen to what is supposed to be happening. If we do this, we are forced to the conclusion that, in a behavioural sense, religious activities consist of the coming together of large groups of people to perform repeated and prolonged submissive displays to appease a dominant individual. The dominant individual takes many forms in different cultures, but always has the common factor of immense power. [...] If these submissive actions are successful, the dominant individual is appeased. [...] The dominant individual is usually, but not always, referred to as a god. Since none of these gods exist in a tangible form, why have they been invented? To find the answer to this we have to go right back to our ancestral origins." Desmond Morris, The Naked Ape, p.178-179, Jonathan Cape, 1967.
  141. ↑ "Man's evolution as a neotenous ape has put him in a similar position to the dog's. He becomes sexually mature and yet he still needs a parent — a super-parent, one as impressive to him as a man must be to a dog. The answer was to invent a god — either a female super-parent in the shape of a Mother Goddess, or a male god in the shape of God the Father, or perhaps even a whole family of gods. Like real parents they would both protect, punish and be obeyed. [...] These — the houses of the gods — the temples, the churches and the cathedrals — are buildings apparently made for giants, and a space visitor would be surprised to find on closer examination that these giants are never at home. Their followers repeatedly visit them and bow down before them, but they themselves are invisible. Only their bell-like cries can be heard across the land. Man is indeed an imaginative species." Desmond Morris, The Pocket Guide to Manwatching, p.234-236 Triad Paperbacks, 1982.
  142. ↑ "First of all, I do not believe in the supernatural, so I take it for granted that consciousness has a material explanation. I also do not believe in insoluble problems, therefore I believe that this explanation is accessible in principle to reason, and that one day we will understand consciousness just as we today understand what life is, whereas once this was a deep mystery." David Deutsch in an interview with Philosophy Now magazine, Philosophy Now, December/January 2001 issue.
  143. ↑ Krauss, Lawrence Maxwell. Hiding in the Mirror: The Quest for Alternate Realities, from Plato to String Theory (by Way of Alice in Wonderland, Einstein, and the Twilight Zone). New York: Penguin, 2006. Print.
  144. ↑ http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2015/15-10-01.apeen.html "He also said that he is atheist and humanist"
  145. ↑ "Notable Signers"। Humanism and Its Aspirations। American Humanist Association। সংগ্রহের তারিখ অক্টোবর ২, ২০১২। 
  146. ↑ Lucas Garron (ডিসেম্বর ২০১০)। "Background & Currents"। NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND THE DEATH OF GERMAN MATHEMATICS (পিডিএফ)। পৃষ্ঠা 8। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৯ জুলাই ২০১২। Hilbert was famously atheist, but mathematics at the time often bordered on philosophy 
  147. ↑ "Mathematics is a presuppositionless science. To found it I do not need God, as does Kronecker, or the assumption of a special faculty of our understanding attuned to the principle of mathematical induction, as does Poincaré, or the primal intuition of Brouwer, or, finally, as do Russell and Whitehead, axioms of infinity, reducibility, or completeness, which in fact are actual, contentual assumptions that cannot be compensated for by consistency proofs." David Hilbert, Die Grundlagen der Mathematik, Hilbert's program, 22C:096, University of Iowa.
  148. ↑ Michael R. Matthews (২০০৯)। Science, Worldviews and Education। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 129। আইএসবিএন 9789048127795। As is well known, Hilbert rejected Leopold Kronecker's God for the solution of the problem of the foundations of mathematics. 
  149. ↑ "...my father [Derek] was a British Atheist... from a rather well known Sephardic Jewish family..." de Solla Price, Mark (২০০৭-১২-০৯)। "Are you Jewish?"। ২০০৮-০৪-৩০ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৮-০১। 
  150. ↑ http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiogmem/56/401.full.pdf
  151. ↑ Jha, Alok. “Dan Shechtman: 'Linus Pauling said I was talking nonsense'.” Rational heroes, Guardian News and Media, 5 Jan. 2013, www.theguardian.com/science/2013/jan/06/dan-shechtman-nobel-prize-chemistry-interview. "Do you believe in a god? No."
  152. ↑ "God bestaat niet" (Dutch ভাষায়)। Positief Atheïsme। ২০০৫-০৬-০৭। ২০০৮-০৫-১১ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৫-২২। “Blasphemy is also a pleasant way of living.”
  153. ↑ Angier, Natalie (২০০২-১২-২৪)। "The Origin of Religions, From a Distinctly Darwinian View"। New York Times। পৃষ্ঠা F5। ২০০৭-১০-১৬ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৬-১১। ...I don't believe in God. I tell people I'm an atheist, but a nice atheist. 
  154. ↑ "W. D. Hamilton, the eternal child – Gene Expression"। Blogs.discovermagazine.com। ২০১৩-০৪-০৬। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১৫-১২-২৪। 
  155. ↑ Padgaonkar, D. (2013). Kosambi’s uplifting idea Of India."Both were pious — his mother a Hindu, his father a Buddhist — while he himself remained an atheist."
  156. ↑ "During sixty years from 1937 he also wrote over forty articles on the origins, distribution, and nature of life, taking the stance of a 'dogmatic atheist'." David F. Smith, 'Pirie, Norman Wingate [Bill] (1907–1997)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edition, October 2005 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  157. ↑ "He has worked with monkeys in laboratories and in the wild. He has been a media don, a campaigner against nuclear weapons and the holder of a chair in parapsychological research who was dedicated to debunking even the possibility of telepathy or survival after death. He is an atheist, and the man who suggested to Richard Dawkins the analogy of viruses of the mind for religions; yet nowadays he talks as if spirituality were the thing that makes us human." Andrew Brown interviewing Humphrey, 'A life in science: The human factor', The Guardian, July 29, 2006, Review Pages, Pg. 13.
  158. ↑ Simmons, John (১৯৯৬)। The Scientific 100: a rankings of the most influential scientists, past and present.। Carol Publishing Group। পৃষ্ঠা 16। আইএসবিএন 978-0-8065-1749-0। His mother was warm and intelligent, and his father, as Bohr himself later recalled, recognized "that something was expected of me." The family was not at all devout, and Bohr became an atheist who regarded religious thought as harmful and misguided. 
  159. ↑ J. Faye; H. Folse, সম্পাদকগণ (২০১০)। Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 88। আইএসবিএন 9789048142996। Planck was religious and had a firm belief in God; Bohr was not, but his objection to Planck's view had no anti-religious motive. 
  160. ↑ Ray Spangenburg; Diane Kit Moser (২০০৮)। Niels Bohr: Atomic Theorist (2 সংস্করণ)। Infobase Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা 37। আইএসবিএন 9780816061785। Niels had quietly resigned his membership in the Lutheran Church the previous April. Although he had sought out religion as a child, by the time of their marriage he no longer “was taken” by it, as he put it. “And for me it was exactly the same,” Margrethe later explained. “[Interest in religion] disappeared completely,” although at the time of their wedding, she was still a member of the Lutheran Church. (Niels's parents were also married in a civil, not a religious, ceremony, and Harald also resigned his membership in the Lutheran Church just before his wedding, a few years later.) 
  161. ↑ Science and Religion in Dialogue, Two Volume Set। John Wiley & Sons। পৃষ্ঠা 416। আইএসবিএন 9781405189217। On the other hand Bohr wrote of his admiration for the writing and presentation of Kierkegaard – at the same time stating he could not accept some of it. Part of this may have followed from Kierkegaard being a very avowed, yet rather circuitous proponent of a costly Christian faith, while after a youth of confirming faith Bohr himself was a non-believer. 
  162. ↑ Larry Witham (২০০৬)। The Measure of God: History's Greatest Minds Wrestle with Reconciling Science and Religion। HarperCollins। পৃষ্ঠা 138–139। আইএসবিএন 9780060858339। "Bohr's atheism, the counterpiece of Einstein's monotheism, ... was more affined to traditional Far Eastern philosophy,” according to Stent. ...The young Bohr thus lived in two worlds, but mostly the cultural Christianity of the Danish middle class. As a young man, he had read Søren Kierkegaard, a fellow Dane and a Christian existentialist from the nineteenth century, with some enthusiasm. But he finally faced a religious crisis, and by the time he went to England to study physics, the idea of God had lost its appeal. The aim of life was happiness, he wrote his fiancée, making it impossible “that a person must beg from and bargain with fancied powers infinitely stronger than himself." ... In his only published paper on the topic of religion, Bohr spoke not of deities and doctrines but of psychological experience. 
  163. ↑ Gunther S. Stent; Balazs Hargittai; István Hargittai (২০০৫)। Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists। Imperial College Press। পৃষ্ঠা 518। আইএসবিএন 9781860945052। Gunther S. Stent: "Niels Bohr was one of the few five-star scientists who really was an atheist — and not merely paying lip service to atheism." 
  164. ↑ John L. Heilbron; Finn Aaserud (২০১৩)। Love, Literature and the Quantum Atom: Niels Bohr's 1913 Trilogy Revisited। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 159–160। আইএসবিএন 9780191669736। A statement about religion in the loose notes on Kierkegaard may throw light on the notion of wildness that appears in many of Bohr's letters. “I, who do not feel in any way united with, and even less, bound to a God, and therefore am also much poorer [than Kierkegaard], would say that the good [is] the overall lofty goal, as only by being good [can one] judge according to worth and right.” 
  165. ↑ Finn Aaserud; John L. Heilbron (২০১৩)। "Part 2. Nascent Science"। Love, Literature and the Quantum Atom: Niels Bohr's 1913 Trilogy Revisited। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 110। আইএসবিএন 9780199680283। Bohr's sort of humor, use of parables and stories, tolerance, dependence on family, feelings of indebtedness, obligation, and guilt, and his sense of responsibility for science, community, and, ultimately, humankind in general, are common traits of the Jewish intellectual. So too is a well-fortified atheism. Bohr ended with no religious belief and a dislike of all religions that claimed to base their teachings on revelations. 
  166. ↑ Larry Hannant (১৯৯৮)। The Politics of Passion: Norman Bethune's Writing and Art। University of Toronto Press। আইএসবিএন 978-0-8020-0907-4। Bethune was a communist and an atheist with a healthy contempt for his evangelical father. 
  167. ↑ Venjamin Fedorovič Kagan (১৯৫৭)। N. Lobachevsky and His Contribution to Science। Foreign Languages Publishing House। পৃষ্ঠা 29। 
  168. ↑ Bardi, Jason (২০০৮)। The Fifth Postulate: How Unraveling a Two Thousand Year Old Mystery Unraveled the Universe। John Wiley & Sons। পৃষ্ঠা 186। আইএসবিএন 978-0-470-46736-7। 
  169. ↑ Loren Graham and Jean-Michel Kantor, Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-06740-329-34. http://www.ams.org/notices/201401/rnoti-p62.pdf. "Chebatorev was an atheist..."
  170. ↑ http://www.kavliprize.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2016. "At about the time I got to high school, I lost whatever faith I might have had, and I've been an atheist ever since."
  171. ↑ Deirdre Barrett (২০১০)। Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose। W. W. Norton & Company। পৃষ্ঠা 21–22। আইএসবিএন 978-0-393-06848-1। Tinbergen had never been a religious man. Wartime atrocities, however, had highlighted the absence of a deity for him while both sides invoked one aligned with themselves, and this turned him into a militant atheist. 
  172. ↑ Peter Pringle (২০০৮)। The Murder of Nikolai Vavilov: The Story of Stalin's Persecution of One of the Great Scientists of the Twentieth Century। Simon and Schuster। পৃষ্ঠা 137। আইএসবিএন 978-0-7432-6498-3। Despite his strict upbringing in the Orthodox Church, Vavilov had been an atheist from an early age. If he worshipped anything, it was science. 
  173. ↑ "Paul MacCready, the inventor, defines it thus: "A secular humanist does not believe in God, and doesn't steal."" Paul Kurtz, Is Secular Humanism a Religion?.
  174. ↑ Paolo Mantegazza, Ricordi politici di un fantaccino del Parlamento, Bemporad, 1896, p. 72.
  175. ↑ Napoleon said to Laplace: "You have written this huge book on the system of the world without once mentioning the author of the universe [God]." Laplace replied: "Sire, I had no need of that hypothesis." Quoted in Augustus De Morgan, A Budget of Paradoxes, London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1872. As found in http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Quotations/Laplace.html, accessed 13 February 2006.
  176. ↑ "The Catholic newspaper La Quotidienne [The Daily] announced that Laplace had died in the arms of two curés (priests), implying that he had a proper Catholic end, but this is not credible. To the end, he remained a skeptic, wedded to his deterministic creed and to an uncompromised ethos derived from his vast scientific experience." Roger Hahn, Pierre Simon Laplace, 1749–1827: a determined scientist, page 204.
  177. ↑ "Laplace Theorizes That the Solar System Originated from a Cloud of Gas." Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Encyclopedia.com, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2017. <http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/laplace-theorizes-solar-system-originated-cloud-gas>. "The two greatest astronomers of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France were Laplace and his rival, Joseph Jérôme Le Français de Lalande (1732–1807), director of the Paris Observatory. Both were atheists. "
  178. ↑ Warren Allen Smith (২০০০)। Who's who in hell: a handbook and international directory for humanists, freethinkers, naturalists, rationalists, and non-theists। Barricade Books। পৃষ্ঠা 259। আইএসবিএন 9781569801581। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৭। Curie, Pierre (1859—1906) A codiscoverer of radium, Pierre Curie was an atheist. 
  179. ↑ The Telegraph – Professor Sir Paul Callaghan http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/9169952/Professor-Sir-Paul-Callaghan.html "Callaghan was brought up a Methodist, but showed a typically scientific interest in other faiths, trying out Anglicanism, Catholicism and Marxism, before finally settling for atheism."
  180. ↑ "Paul Broca (1824–80)"। sciencemuseum.org.uk। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১২ এপ্রিল ২০১২। He was a left-wing atheist who argued against African enslavement. 
  181. ↑ Dawson, M. Joan. Paul Lauterbur and te Invention of MRI. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2013. Print. "Paul became an atheist, revering intellectual honesty and the quest for truth."
  182. ↑ René Bösch (২০০৭)। Labyrinth of Digressions: Tristram Shandy as Perceived and Influenced by Sterne's Early Imitators। Rodopi। পৃষ্ঠা 265। আইএসবিএন 9789042022911। Maupertuis was an atheist friend of La Mettrie. 
  183. ↑ Ronald Clark (২০১১)। Einstein: The Life and Times। Bloomsbury Publishing। আইএসবিএন 9781448202706। That Einstein's attitude was the result more of muddle than agnostic scruple seems clear from a letter which he wrote less than two years later when Paul Ehrenfest ruled himself out from becoming Einstein's successor by roundly declaring himself an atheist. 
  184. ↑ Thomas Levenson (২০০৪)। Einstein in Berlin। Random House of Canada। পৃষ্ঠা 172। আইএসবিএন 9780553378443। The man he had hoped would succeed him in Prague, Paul Ehrenfest, refiased to compromise his true atheist's principles. Einstein scolded him. "Your refusal to acknowledge a religious affiliation" was just this side of "willful stupidity," he assured him, with the benefit of recent experience. Once he became a professor Ehrenfest could revert to unbelief. 
  185. ↑ "A confirmed agnostic, he [Bateson] was converted to atheism after attending a dinner where he tried to converse with a woman who was a creationist. "For many years what had been good enough for Darwin was good enough for me. Not long after that dreadful dinner, Richard Dawkins wrote to me to ask whether I would publicly affirm my atheism. I could see no reason why not." " Lewis Smith, 'Science has second thoughts about life', The Times (London), January 1, 2008, Pg. 24.
  186. ↑ "Dr. Paul Bert, the atheist Minister of Public Instruction, in M. Gambetta's Cabinet, made the next greatest sensation of the Congress." The Phrenological journal and science of health: incorporated with the Phrenological magazine, Volume 76, page 42.
  187. ↑ "The grandson of a vicar on his father’s side, Blackett respected religious observances that were established social customs, but described himself as agnostic or atheist." Mary Jo Nye: "Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 19 p. 293. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
  188. ↑ Boyer, Paul. "A Path to Atheism". Freedom From Religion Foundation. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
  189. ↑ "Percy Williams Bridgman"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৪ এপ্রিল ২০১২। He was raised in the Congregational Church, but faith in God clashed with his well-known analytical nature and he told his family as a young man that he could not in good conscience become a church member. 
  190. ↑ Maila L. Walter (১৯৯০)। Science and Cultural Crisis: An Intellectual Biography of Percy Williams Bridgman (1882-1961)। Stanford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 14–15। আইএসবিএন 978-0-8047-1796-0। Raymond Bridgman was extremely disappointed with his son's rejection of his religious views. Near the end of his life, however, he offered a conciliatory interpretation that allowed him to accept Percy's commitment to honesty and integrity as a moral equivalent to religion. 
  191. ↑ Ray Monk (২০১৩)। Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center। Random House LLC। আইএসবিএন 9780385504133। In many ways they were opposites; Kemble, the theorist, was a devout Christian, while Bridgman, the experimentalist, was a strident atheist. 
  192. ↑ Werner Heisenberg recollects a friendly conversation among young participants at the 1927 Solvay Conference about Einstein's and Planck's views on religion. Wolfgang Pauli, Heisenberg and Dirac took part in it. Among other things, Dirac said: "I cannot understand why we idle discussing religion. If we are honest — and as scientists honesty is our precise duty — we cannot help but admit that any religion is a pack of false statements, deprived of any real foundation. The very idea of God is a product of human imagination.[...] I do not recognize any religious myth, at least because they contradict one another.[...]" Pauli jokingly said: "Well, I'd say that also our friend Dirac has got a religion and the first commandment of this religion is: God does not exist and Paul Dirac is his prophet." Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations। New York: Harper & Row। আইএসবিএন 0-06-131622-9। 
  193. ↑ ক খ "... I [Pauling] am not, however, militant in my atheism. The great English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac is a militant atheist. I suppose he is interested in arguing about the existence of God. I am not. It was once quipped that there is no God and Dirac is his prophet." Linus Pauling & Daisaku Ikeda (১৯৯২)। A Lifeling Quest for Peace: A Dialogue। Jones & Bartlett। পৃষ্ঠা 22। আইএসবিএন 0-86720-277-7। 
  194. ↑ Helge Kragh (১৯৯০)। Dirac: A Scientific Biography। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 256–257। আইএসবিএন 9780521380898। 
  195. ↑ Sara Lippincott (আগস্ট ৩০, ২০০৯)। "The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom' by Graham Farmelo"। Los Angeles Times। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৯ জুন ২০১২। Dirac was contemptuous of philosophy and, as many scientists do, professed atheism. But it was a narrow sort, mainly dismissive of religious orthodoxy. In notes he wrote in 1933, he embraces another creed: "[T]his article of faith is that the human race will continue to live for ever and will develop and progress without limit . . . Living is worthwhile if one can contribute in some small way to this endless chain of progress." 
  196. ↑ Helen Brown (২৩ জানু ২০০৯)। "The Strangest Man: the Hidden Life of Paul Dirac by Graham Farmelo"। The Telegraph। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৯ জুন ২০১২। Dirac’s story ends with a whimper. As a young man he had joked that physicists were all washed up by 30 and as he aged his powers waned. The Cambridge physics department took away his parking space and an outraged Manci insisted he take up a fellowship at Florida State University. He died in 1984, aged 82. An atheist, he was buried under a gravestone chosen by Manci. It read “because God said it should be so”. 
  197. ↑ H. B. G. Casimir (২০১০)। Haphazard Reality: Half a Century of Science। Amsterdam University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 151। আইএসবিএন 9789089642004। Kramers was certainly not a dogmatic atheist like, for instance, Dirac in his younger years, whose attitude was summed up by Pauli in one famous sentence: "Our friend Dirac has a religion; and the main tenet of that religion is: 'There is no God and Dirac was his prophet. 
  198. ↑ "... I believe that a reasonable case can be made for saying, not that we believe in God because He exists but rather that He exists because we believe in Him. [...] Considered as an element of the world, God has the same degree and kind of objective reality as do other products of mind. [...] I regret my disbelief in God and religious answers generally, for I believe it would give satisfaction and comfort to many in need of it if it possible to discover and propound good scientific and philosophic reasons to believe in God. [...] To abdicate from the rule of reason and substitute for it an authentication of belief by the intentness and degree of conviction with which we hold it can be perilous and destructive. [...] I am a rationalist—something of a period piece nowadays, I admit [...]" Peter Medawar, 'The Question of the Existence of God' in his book The Limits of Science (Harper and Row 1984).
  199. ↑ When asked by Rod Liddle in the documentary The Trouble with Atheism "Give me your views on the existence, or otherwise, of God", Peter Atkins replied "Well it's fairly straightforward: there isn't one. And there's no evidence for one, no reason to believe that there is one, and so I don't believe that there is one. And I think that it is rather foolish that people do think that there is one.""The Trouble with Atheism, UK Channel 4 TV"। ২০০৬-১২-১৮।  |ধারাবাহিক= অনুপস্থিত বা খালি (সাহায্য)
  200. ↑ "I gradually slipped away from religion over several years and became an atheist or to be more philosophically correct, a sceptical agnostic." Nurse's autobiography at Nobelprize.org
  201. ↑ "I was brought up a Lutheran, but I became an atheist"—PZ Myers (February 14, 2007), It's the arrogance, stupid, Pharyngula. Retrieved February 22, 2007.
  202. ↑ Nobel Biography [৪].
  203. ↑ Colm Mulcahy (২০১৩-০৩-২৬)। "Centenary of Mathematician Paul Erdős -- Source of Bacon Number Concept"। Huffington Post। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৩ এপ্রিল ২০১৩। In his own words, "I'm not qualified to say whether or not God exists. I kind of doubt He does. Nevertheless, I'm always saying that the SF has this transfinite Book that contains the best proofs of all mathematical theorems, proofs that are elegant and perfect...You don't have to believe in God, but you should believe in the Book." (SF was his tongue- in-cheek reference to God as "the Supreme Fascist"). 
  204. ↑ "Officially, the particle is called the Higgs boson, but its elusive nature and fundamental role in the creation of the universe led a prominent scientist to rename it the God particle. The name has stuck, but makes Higgs wince and raises the hackles of other theorists. "I wish he hadn't done it," he says. "I have to explain to people it was a joke. I'm an atheist, but I have an uneasy feeling that playing around with names like that could be unnecessarily offensive to people who are religious." Ian Sample, 'The God of Small Things', The Guardian, November 17, 2007, Weekend pages, Pg. 44.
  205. ↑ "The Law of Serialitity"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ জুলাই ২০১২। The paradox is that he thought of himself as a hard-boiled philosophical materialist. He was also what one may call a devoted atheist; a freemason; a member of the Austrian Socialist Party; and a regular contributor to the Monisticshe Monatshelfe, the monthly published by the German league of Monists. 
  206. ↑ "Paul Kammerer"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৮ জুলাই ২০১২। 
  207. ↑ "Although an atheist, Le Dantec was always open to religious discussion. [...] Among his philosophical works are L'athéisme (Paris, 1907); " 'Le Dantec, Félix', Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 8. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, p. 124.
  208. ↑ "His tolerance and good humour enabled him to disagree strongly without giving or taking offence, for example with his brother Michael Ramsey whose ordination (he went on to become archbishop of Canterbury) Ramsey, as a militant atheist, naturally regretted." D. H. Mellor, 'Ramsey, Frank Plumpton (1903–1930)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, October 2005 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  209. ↑ John Golley (২০১০)। Jet: Frank Whittle and the Invention of the Jet Engine। Eloy Gutierrez। পৃষ্ঠা 34। আইএসবিএন 9781907472008। Although he had occasionally cut Church Parade, he had once held very strong religious beliefs, but these had eroded to such an extent that he had come to regard himself as an atheist. "By degrees", he said "I was forced to the conclusion that my beliefs were inconsistent with scientific teaching. Once the seeds of doubt were sown the whole structure of my former religious beliefs rapidly collapsed, and I swung to the other extreme". 
  210. ↑ Oliver Knill (১৪ জুলাই ১৯৯৮)। "Supernovae, an alpine climb and space travel."। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২১ জুন ২০১৩। Zwicky has dealt critically with religion during his whole life. (Source: "Everybody a genius"). In a diary entry of 1971, he writes "To base the unexplainabilty and the immense wonder of nature onto an other miracle God is unnecessary and not acceptable for any serious thinker". 
  211. ↑ Swiss-American Historical Society (২০০৬)। Newsletter, Volumes 42–43। The Society। পৃষ্ঠা 17। Zwicky has dealt critically with religion during his whole life. A 1971 diary entry states: "To base the inexplainabilty and the immense wonder of nature upon another miracle, God, is unnecessary and not acceptable for any serious thinker." According to one story, Zwicky once discussed the beginning of the universe with a priest. The priest, quoting Scriptures, stated that the universe had started with "and there is light." Zwicky replied that he would buy this, if instead God had said "and there is electronmagnetism". 
  212. ↑ Thomas Steven Molnar (১৯৮০)। Theists and Atheists: A Typology of Non-belief। Walter de Gruyter। পৃষ্ঠা 59। আইএসবিএন 9789027977885। The biologist Francois Jacob (who shared the Nobel Prize with Jacques Monod) admits that he is an atheist, but he finds, parallel to the material nature of the universe, another aspect — in man — which is not reductible to the first. 
  213. ↑ "Raised in a completely nonreligious family, Joliot never attended any church and was a thoroughgoing atheist all his life." Perrin, Francis: "Joliot, Frédéric", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 7 p. 151. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008.
  214. ↑ "Irène Joliot-Curie"। Making the Modern World। ১৯৫৬-০৩-১৭। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  215. ↑ "[Müller] was an atheist..." Review of Müller's biography, by James Mallet, Quarterly Review of Biology 79:196 (2004). Retrieved July 2, 2007.
  216. ↑ Dan Barker (২০১১)। The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God। Ulysses Press। পৃষ্ঠা 176। আইএসবিএন 9781569758465। Speaking of her 55-year marriage to Frederick Hamerstrom (a nephew of Charles Darwin), Fran quipped: “You'll notice that our 'pair bond' has lasted fairly well and I think it's because we're both remarkably tolerant people. He's an agnostic and I'm an atheist, and we've put up with each other all this time!" 
  217. ↑ Hildebrand, Joe (১১ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০০৮)। "Fred Hollows remembered at ceremony in Bourke"। The Daily Telegraph। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৫ মে ২০১৩। 
  218. ↑ Jane Gregory (২০০৫)। "Fighting for space"। Fred Hoyle's Universe। Oxford University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 143। আইএসবিএন 9780191578465। According to Hoyle: "I am an atheist, but as far as blowing up the world in a nuclear war goes, I tell them not to worry." 
  219. ↑ Ajzenberg-Selove, Fay. A Matter of Choices: Memoirs of a Female Physicist. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1994. Print. "I explained carefully to Louis that I was a Jew and an atheist..."
  220. ↑ When describing a total solar eclipse, Close wrote: "It was simultaneously ghastly, beautiful, supernatural. Even for a 21st century atheist, the vision was such that I thought, "If there is a heaven, this is what its entrance is like." The heavenly vision demanded music by Mozart; instead we had the crickets." Frank Close, 'Dark side of the moon', The Guardian, August 9, 2001, Guardian Online Pages, Pg. 8.
  221. ↑ "The same Arago who spent his time criticizing unfounded myths now peddled them. Arago the atheist now spoke of souls." Theresa Levitt, The shadow of enlightenment: optical and political transparency in France, 1789-1848, page 105.
  222. ↑ "College Roll: Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane." RACP: College Roll. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2017. "He...developed a fairly aggressive atheism."
  223. ↑ Francis Crick, What Mad Pursuit: a Personal View of Scientific Discovery, Basic Books reprint edition, 1990, ISBN 0-465-09138-5, p. 145.
  224. ↑ "How I Got Inclined Towards Atheism"। Positiveatheism.org। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  225. ↑ Mark Steyn identify Crick as an atheist. See:The Twentieth-Century Darwin by Mark Steyn, published in The Atlantic Monthly, October 2004.
  226. ↑ "Francis Crick was an evangelical atheist."Francis Crick's Legacy for Neuroscience: Between the α and the Ω
  227. ↑ "Instead, it is interlaced with descriptions of Crick’s vacations, parties and assertions of atheism — occasionally colorful stuff that drains the intellectual drama from the codebreaking."Genome Human
  228. ↑ "There is Crick the mentor, Crick the atheist, Crick the free-thinker, and Crick the playful."Entertaining Dr Crick
  229. ↑ Crick, 86, said: "The god hypothesis is rather discredited." Do our genes reveal the hand of God?
  230. ↑ "After retirement, he remained politically active, defending Andrei Sakharov, and was President of the French Atheists' Union." D S Bell, 'Obituary: Francis Perrin', The Independent (London), July 18, 1992, Pg. 44.
  231. ↑ Philip W. Anderson (২০১১)। "Imaginary Friend, Who Art in Heaven"। More and Different: Notes from a Thoughtful Curmudgeon। World Scientific। পৃষ্ঠা 177। আইএসবিএন 9789814350129। We atheists can, as he does, argue that, with the modern revolution in attitudes toward homosexuals, we have become the only group that may not reveal itself in normal social discourse. 
  232. ↑ K. C. Cole (২০১২)। Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and His Astonishing Exploratorium। University of Chicago Press। পৃষ্ঠা 104–105। আইএসবিএন 9780226113470। For the locals, it was as if aliens had landed. "The normal folks were wearing tight jeans and cowboy hats, and here was a rancher who didn't wear a hat," said Pete Richards, who lived on one of the neighboring ranches at the time. “He was skinnier than a rail, he was really hyper. Both he and Jackie swore like sailors. And they were atheists!”. 
  233. ↑ Chertok, B. E. Rockets and people. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2005. Print. "I have always considered myself a diehard atheist and materialist..."
  234. ↑ "Within a year I had gone to Miss Graves to tell her that I no longer believed in God. 'I know,' she said, 'I have been through that myself.' But her strategy misfired: I never went through it." B.F. Skinner, pp. 387–413, E.G. Boring and G. Lindzey's A History of Psychology in Autobiography (Vol. 5), New York: Appleton Century-Crofts, 1967.
  235. ↑ Russell, Bertrand (১৯৪৭)। "Am I An Atheist or an Agnostic?"। Encyclopedia of Things। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৬ জুলাই ২০০৫। : "I never know whether I should say "Agnostic" or whether I should say "Atheist"... As a philosopher, if I were speaking to a purely philosophic audience I should say that I ought to describe myself as an Agnostic, because I do not think that there is a conclusive argument by which one prove (sic) that there is not a God. On the other hand, if I am to convey the right impression to the ordinary man in the street I think I ought to say that I am an Atheist..."
  236. ↑ American Society for Cell Biology Member Profile https://www.ascb.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/brigid_hogan.pdf
  237. ↑ "He and the Bishop of Oxford staged another version of the great debate between Thomas Henry ('Darwin's bulldog') Huxley and Bishop ('Soapy Sam') Wilberforce that followed the publication of Darwin's Origin Of Species. The present Bishop defended the new Darwinian orthodoxy, but Dr Halstead, an atheist, took the line that the former Bishop of Oxford had been quite right to oppose Darwin's thesis. But that too was entirely characteristic. He told me that he was a member of the Athenaeum only because it had a painting of Darwin in the lobby." Tim Radford, 'A passion for dinosaurs: Obituary of Beverly Halstead', The Guardian (London), May 2, 1991.
  238. ↑ Kendall, Paul (মার্চ ১৪, ২০১০)। "Professor Brian Cox: bringing the solar system to your living room"। The Daily Telegraph। London। 
  239. ↑ "Dr. Brian Cox (science consultant) - Sunshine - Interview"। Sci-fi-online.com। ২০০৭-০৮-২৭। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  240. ↑ "I am an atheist, that is, I think nothing exists except an beyond nature."Ginzburg's autobiography at Nobelprize.org
  241. ↑ "God: The Failed Hypothesis: How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist (9781591024811): Victor J. Stenger: Books"। Amazon.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  242. ↑ [৫] ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত এপ্রিল ২৪, ২০০৮ তারিখে
  243. ↑ Lynn Margulis; Dorion Sagan (২০০০)। What Is Life?। University of California Press। পৃষ্ঠা 170। আইএসবিএন 978-0-520-22021-8। Both the French paleontologist-priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and the Russian atheist Vladimir Vernadsky agreed that Earth is developing a global mind. 
  244. ↑ "...Victor Weisskopf, who describes himself as an atheist Viennese Jew...." Quoting from page 14 of The Prism of Science, by Edna Ullmann-Margalit, Springer, 1986.
  245. ↑ Robert K. Wilcox (২০১০)। The Truth About the Shroud of Turin: Solving the Mystery। Regnery Gateway। পৃষ্ঠা 23। আইএসবিএন 9781596986008। In 1902, Marcellin P. Berthelot, often called the founder of modern organic chemistry, was one of France's most celebrated scientists—if not the world's. He was permanent secretary of the French Academy, having succeeded the giant Louis Pasteur, the renowned microbiologist. Unlike Delage, an agnostic, Berthelot was an atheist—and militantly so. 
  246. ↑ Thomas de Wesselow (২০১২)। The Sign: The Shroud of Turin and the Secret of the Resurrection। Penguin। আইএসবিএন 9781101588550। Although Delage made it clear that he did not regard Jesus as the resurrected Son of God, his paper upset the atheist members of the Academy, including its secretary, Marcellin Berthelot, who prevented its full publication in the Academy's bulletin. 
  247. ↑ "Dr Perutz, said: "It is one thing for scientists to oppose creationism which is demonstrably false but quite another to make pronouncements which offend people's religious faith -- that is a form of tactlessness which merely brings science into disrepute. My view of religion and ethics is simple: even if we do not believe in God, we should try to live as though we did."" Kam Patel, Perutz rubbishes Popper and Kuhn, 25 November 1994.
  248. ↑ "...I'm an atheist..." Enough blasting Dennett and Dawkins, all right?, from Rationally Speaking, the blog of Massimo Pigliucci, October 30, 2006 (Accessed April 15, 2008)
  249. ↑ "It was nice to be honoured but I like ‘Mark’ not ‘Sir Mark’. When one’s young, one’s brash and all-knowing; when one’s old, one realises how little one knows. You asked me earlier if I believed in God and the hereafter. I would tend to say no but when one dies one could well be surprised." Mark Oliphant from an interview in 1996., Sir Mark Oliphant - Reluctant Builder of the Atom Bomb.
  250. ↑ Leon M. Lederman; Judith A. Scheppler (২০০১)। "Marvin Minsky: Mind Maker"। Portraits of Great American Scientists। Prometheus Books। পৃষ্ঠা 74। আইএসবিএন 9781573929325। Another area where he "goes against the flow" is in his spiritual beliefs. As far as religion is concerned, he's a confirmed atheist. "I think it [religion] is a contagious mental disease. . . . The brain has a need to believe it knows a reason for things. 
  251. ↑ "When we reflect on anything for long enough, we're likely to end up with what we sometimes call "basic" questions -- ones we can see no way at all to answer. For we have no perfect way to answer even this question: How can one tell when a question has been properly answered? What caused the universe, and why? What is the purpose of life? How can you tell which beliefs are true? How can you tell what is good? These questions seem different on the surface, but all of them share one quality that makes them impossible to answer: all of them are circular! You can never find a final cause, since you must always ask one question more: "What caused that cause?" You can never find any ultimate goal, since you're always obliged to ask, "Then what purpose does that serve?" Whenever you find out why something is good-or is true-you still have to ask what makes that reason good and true. No matter what you discover, at every step, these kinds of questions will always remain, because you have to challenge every answer with, "Why should I accept that answer?" Such circularities can only waste our time by forcing us to repeat, over and over and over again, "What good is Good?" and, "What god made God?" " Marvin Minsky. The Society of Mind.
  252. ↑ Michael Martin (২০০৭)। The Cambridge Companion to Atheism। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 310। আইএসবিএন 9780521842709। Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including...Melanie Klein... 
  253. ↑ Morris, Kevin (৫ ডিসেম্বর ২০১১)। "Reddit atheists upvote fundraising for Doctors Without Borders"। The Daily Dot। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ মার্চ ২০১২। 
  254. ↑ Ranum, Marcus। "Ranum's supports Dawkins's "out campaign" for atheists."। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১২ এপ্রিল ২০১২। Generally, I do not get a lot of satisfaction out of being identified with causes or logos. But – a couple of years ago, when Richard Dawkins started his "out campaign" for atheists, I thought that showing my support was not a bad idea. 
  255. ↑ Rod Dreher (এপ্রিল ২০, ২০১১)। "Martin J. Rees Wins 2011 Templeton Prize"। Templeton Report। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৪ আগস্ট ২০১৩। As it turns out, Lord Rees is an atheist, though one who said in a recent interview that he is “not allergic to religion,” and that he enjoys participating in aesthetic and cultural activities of the Anglican church, in which he was raised. 
  256. ↑ I was Rosenbluth's last student, and collaborated with him on numerous research projects during and after my graduation. Near the end of his life, we more frequently discussed personal and political issues. On more than one occasion, he freely admitted to me that he was an atheist. Statement by J. Candy, 22 January 2009.
  257. ↑ Santimay Chatterjee; Enakshi Chatterjee (১৯৮৪)। Meghnad Saha, scientist with a vision। National Book Trust, India। পৃষ্ঠা 5। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৪ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৭। Even though he later came to be known as an atheist, Saha was well-versed in all religious texts— though his interest in them was purely academic. 
  258. ↑ Robert S. Anderson (২০১০)। Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India। University of Chicago Press। পৃষ্ঠা 602। আইএসবিএন 9780226019758। a self-described atheist, saha loved swimming in the river and his devout wife loved the sanctity of the spot. swimming and walking were among the few things they could do together. 
  259. ↑ Manabendra Nath Roy, সম্পাদক (১৯৭৩)। The Radical humanist, Volume 37। Radical Humanist। পৃষ্ঠা 18। It cannot be said that Dr. Sarkar was a confirmed atheist. 
  260. ↑ du Sautoy, Marcus (২০০৮-১০-২৮)। "Science Extra: Marcus du Sautoy steps into Dawkins' boots"। London: The Guardian। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-১০-২৯। 
  261. ↑ Smith, Michael. Michael Smith: Autobiography. Nobel Prize.org. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
  262. ↑ "In religion he was raised as a theist, but in 1782, in an Answer to Dr. Priestley, on the Existence of God, a response to Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever, he described himself as a freethinker (p. 5). This work, first published under the pseudonym William Hammon, was subsequently republished by Richard Carlile in 1826. In the pamphlet Turner declared that he was an atheist, though he did admit that the 'vis naturae', gravity, and matter's elasticity and repulsive powers demonstrated that the universe was permeated by 'a principle of intelligence and design' (ibid., 17). Despite the 'perpetual industry' of nature, he denied that this intelligence entailed that philosophers needed to posit the existence of a deity extraneous to the material world." E. I. Carlyle, 'Turner, Matthew (d. 1789?)', rev. Kevin C. Knox, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed May 2, 2008).
  263. ↑ Text of Answer to Dr. Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever at Project Guttenberg.
  264. ↑ Michael Martin (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press. p. 310. ISBN 9780521842709. "Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including...Raymond B. Cattell..."
  265. ↑ Kristi Coale (১৯৯৭-০৭-২৫)। "Seeding Intelligence"। Wired Magazine। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জুলাই ২০১২। I've been an atheist - I had found it difficult to have religious beliefs and scientific ones," Brooks explained. "But I've accepted that I have a duality - there's a human way of interacting with people but also a mechanistic explanation of what people are and how they work. 
  266. ↑ "Although in her youth she had shared her father's Zionist sympathies, she was not otherwise involved in Jewish affairs and was by conviction an atheist." 'BRUNSWICK, Ruth Jane Mack (Feb. 17, 1897-Jan. 24, 1946)' in Notable American Women: 1607-1950. Retrieved August 01, 2008, from Credo Reference
  267. ↑ Cailliau, Robert। "Atheism"। www.cailliau.org। As Richard Dawkins points out, I have no obligation to explain why I am an atheist, it’s for those who believe in a god to supply evidence. Atheism, religion, science and ethics are linked: Religion provides a simple world view based on the existence of one or more gods. Gods are super-beings who are unscrutable, far superior to humans and endowed with supernatural powers. Such a world view starts from the axiom that humans will not be able to understand the world around them. There is no further argument possible: one lives "by the book". 
  268. ↑ "50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God"। JPararajasingham। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ মে ২০১২। 
  269. ↑ Denis Brian (২০০৮)। The Voice of Genius: Conversations with Nobel Scientists and Other Luminaries। Basic Books। পৃষ্ঠা 49। আইএসবিএন 9780465011391। Interviewer: Do you call yourself an agnostic or an atheist? Feynman: An atheist. Agnostic for me would be trying to weasel out and sound a little nicer than I am about this. 
  270. ↑ Feynman was of Jewish birth, but described himself as "an avowed atheist" by his early youth in Freethought of the Day, Freedom From Religion Foundation, May 11, 2006.
  271. ↑ "Having abandoned the tenets of Judaism at 13, he never wavered in his gentle atheism, nor in his determination to stay away from matters about which he had opinions but no expertise." John Morrish reviewing the collection of Feynman's letters Don't You Have Time to Think?, "Particle Physics: The Route to Pop Stardom", Independent on Sunday (London), July 24, 2005, p. 21.
  272. ↑ Liberato Cardellini: "A final and more personal question: You defined yourself as “an atheist who is moved by religion”. Looking at the tenor of your life and the many goals you have achieved, one wonders where your inner force comes from." Roald Hoffmann: "The atheism and the respect for religion come form the same source. I observe that in every culture on Earth, absolutely every one, human beings have constructed religious systems. There is a need in us to try to understand,to see that there is something that unites us spiritually. So scientists who do not respect religion fail in their most basic task—observation. Human beings need the spiritual. The same observation reveals to me a multitude of religious constructions—gods of nature, spirits, the great monotheistic religions. It seems to me there can’t be a God or gods; there are just manifestations of a human-constructed spirituality." Liberato Cardellini, Looking for Connections: An Interview with Roald Hoffmann, page 1634.
  273. ↑ "Russell A. Hulse"। NNDB.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জুলাই ২০১২। I consider myself a very moral person but I do not need a religion for that. 
  274. ↑ "Ronald Plasterk (1957) is a convinced atheist. But he says expressly that he does not strive for atheism. "My own view cannot be gospel which I will defend at any cost. I respect belief, as long as people do not force it." (In Dutch: "Ronald Plasterk (1957) is een overtuigd atheïst. Maar hij zegt er nadrukkelijk bij dat hij niet streeft naar atheïsme. «Mijn eigen opvatting mag geen heilsleer zijn die ik ten koste van alles ga verdedigen. Ik respecteer geloof, zolang mensen het maar niet opdringen.» ") Interview with Ronald Plasterk, «Er is geen verband tussen altruïsme en God» ("There is no connection between altruism and God"), De Groene Amsterdammer, December 22, 2001 (accessed August 6, 2008).
  275. ↑ Harris, Sam। "Letter to A Christian Nation"। SamHarrisOrg। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৫ জুন ২০১০।  Quoting Penrose's blurb for Harris's book Letter to a Christian Nation. and refers to himself as an atheist.
  276. ↑ "Big Bang follows Big Bang follows Big Bang"। BBC News। ২৫ সেপ্টেম্বর ২০১০। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১ ডিসে ২০১০। 
  277. ↑ W. M. Goss; W. William Miller Goss; Richard X. McGee (২০০৯)। "Last Years"। Under the Radar: The First Woman in Radio Astronomy: Ruby Payne-Scott। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 253। আইএসবিএন 9783642031410। 
  278. ↑ Costantino Ceoldo (২০১২-১২-৩১)। "Homage to Rita Levi Montalcini"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০ জুলাই ২০১৩। Born and raised in a Sephardic Jewish family in which culture and love of learning were categorical imperatives, she abandoned religion and embraced atheism. 
  279. ↑ "In his mythic book The Singularity Is Near, Ray Kurzweil, serial inventor, technology enthusiast, and unabashed atheist, announces: "Evolution moves toward greater complexity, greater elegance, greater knowledge, greater intelligence, greater beauty, greater creativity, and greater levels of subtle attributes such as love. In every monotheistic tradition God is likewise described as all of these qualities, only without any limitation.... So evolution moves inexorably toward this conception of God, although never quite reaching this ideal."" - Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants (2010).
  280. ↑ Leakey, Richard; Virginia Morell (সেপ্টেম্বর ২০০১)। Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa's Natural Treasures। design by Kathryn Parise। পৃষ্ঠা 257। আইএসবিএন 0-312-20626-7। 
  281. ↑ Park, Robert L. Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science, 2008, Princeton University Press, page viii
  282. ↑ Evans, James; Thorndike, Alan S. (২০০৭)। Quantum Mechanics at the Crossroads: New Perspectives From History, Philosophy And Physics। Springer। পৃষ্ঠা 71। আইএসবিএন 9783540326632। Asked to join Le Conseil de l'Union Catholique des Scientifiques Français, Louis declined because, he said, he had ceased the religious practices of his youth. 
  283. ↑ Kimball, John (2015). Physics Curiosities, Oddities, and Novelties. CRC Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4665-7636-0.
  284. ↑ http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED402584.pdf "Burbank the Plant Wizard, the man who created "a good firm shipper's fruit suitable for canning" and a miraculous garden of "hybrid" flowers, admitted during an interview that he was an atheist"
  285. ↑ "...I had the opportunity to participate in several exciting panel discussions at the World Science Festival in New York City. But the most dramatic encounter took place at the panel strangely titled 'Science, Faith and Religion.'... I ended up being one of two panelists labeled 'atheists.'..." God and Science Don't Mix: A scientist can be a believer. But professionally, at least, he can't act like one., Lawrence M. Krauss, The Wall Street Journal, page A15, 26 June 2009 (retrieved 22 May 2010). On the 21 June 2012 Colbert Report, the author of A Universe from Nothing: Why There is Something Rather than Nothing told Colbert: "There is no evidence for any deity.... You don't need him.... There's no need for God." The evolutions of the universe occur "without any supernatural shenanigans."
  286. ↑ "Lack of understanding is not evidence for God. It is evidence of lack of understanding, and a call to use reason to try and change that." Lawrence M. Krauss, "In Reason We Trust" notice of the Freedom from Religion Foundation, Scientific American, vol. 315, no. 5 (November 2016), p. 19.
  287. ↑ Lubos Motl, http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/09/oriana-fallaci-force-of-reason.html
  288. ↑ Henry F. Schaefer (২০০৩)। Science and Christianity: Conflict Or Coherence?। The Apollos Trust। পৃষ্ঠা 9। আইএসবিএন 9780974297507। I present here two examples of notable atheists. The first is Lev Landau, the most brilliant Soviet physicist of the twentieth century. 
  289. ↑ "Listed as an atheist in NNDB.com." Lev Landau, NNDB.com
  290. ↑ Asprey 2014, পৃ. 110, 349।
  291. ↑ "A reader who has suffered me so far will have realised how much of my mental energy had been hitherto absorbed in a fruitless search for an intellectually compelling rationale to rescue some fragments from the wreckage of my family faith. The mood of liberation I experienced when I finally discarded the last remnant of theism was no less exhilarating than that of Bunyan's Pilgrim when the burden of sin fell from his back. [...] In retrospect, the final steps seem as sudden as they were painless. [...] As I looked upward [at the night sky], I realised that the sole prospect was limitless expanse of unthreatening and impersonal emptiness — but for unapproachable galaxies — of a universe without purpose of punishment or reward for a lately arrived animal species, free to make or mar its own destiny without help or hindrance from above." Lancelot Hogben, Lancelot Hogben: Scientific Humanist: An Unauthorised Autobiography, edited by Adrian and Ann Hogben. Merlin Press, 1998.
  292. ↑ "Festinger, a professed atheist, was an original thinker and a restless, highly motivated individual with (in his words) "little tolerance for boredom". " Franz Samelson: "Festinger, Leon", American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000 (accessed April 28, 2008) [৬].
  293. ↑ Babu Gogineni (জুলাই ১০, ২০১২)। "It's the Atheist Particle, actually"। Postnoon News। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১০ জুলাই ২০১২। Leon Lederman is himself an atheist and he regrets the term, and Peter Higgs who is an atheist too, has expressed his displeasure, but the damage has been done! 
  294. ↑ Originally a Lutheran, Pauling declared his atheism in 1992, two years before his death.
  295. ↑ "[Freud and Jung] were close for several years, but Jung's ambition, and his growing commitment to religion and mysticism — most unwelcome to Freud, an aggressive atheist — finally drove them apart." Sigmund Freud, by Peter Gay, The TIME 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
  296. ↑ "Sam Karlin, mathematician who improved DNA analysis, dies"। Stanford Report। জানুয়ারি ১৬, ২০০৮। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২১ এপ্রিল ২০১২। Karlin was born in Yonova, Poland, in 1924. His family immigrated to Chicago when he was a small child and struggled financially through the Great Depression. He was raised in a strict Orthodox Jewish household but broke with religion in his early teens and remained an atheist for the rest of his life. 
  297. ↑ "Scientists in Britain, where the film will premiere at next month's London Film Festival, with general release in December, dismissed the intelligent design lobby's expropriation of the film. Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London and an atheist, said: 'I find it sad that people with intrinsically foolish viewpoints don't recognise this as a naturally beautiful film, but have to attach their absurd social agendas to it.' " David Smith, 'How the penguin's life story inspired the US religious right: Antarctic family values', The Observer, September 18, 2005, News Pages, Pg. 3.
  298. ↑ On the side of the atheists were Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London, [...] Jones, meanwhile, revealed that he would "love to believe in God", because it would offer some degree of comfort. But he said he stopped believing in God as a child as soon as he discovered that what he was learning in school biology classes conflicted with the kind of things he had been taught in Sunday school – like dinosaurs and humans walking the earth at the same time." If Darwin has really killed God, when was the funeral?', Guardian Unlimited, 13 May 2009 (accessed 26 May 2009).
  299. ↑ Boyett, Jason. "Stephen Hawking says there's no creator God; the twitterverse reacts", The Washington Post, September 3, 2010, Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  300. ↑ What I don't like about Richard [Dawkins] is not so much what he knows or doesn't know as the dogmatic way in which he says things. I think that is a poor advertisement for science, because the whole thing about being a scientist is that you shouldn't be prejudiced, you should have an open mind. So, I don't believe in God but that is a belief, not some thing I know. I believe I love my husband, but I couldn't prove it to you one way or the other. How could I? I just know I do. My particular belief is that there is no Deity out there, but I can't prove it and therefore I would not have the temerity to tell other people they're wrong. The coinage of proof is not appropriate for belief and Dawkins thinks it is. But if you keep an open mind, that doesn't mean you swallow anything whole. As someone has said, 'Believing in anything is as bad as believing in nothing.' 'Brain Teaser: Susan Greenfield talks to Peter McCarthy', Third Way, November 2000.
  301. ↑ " An atheist, Faber speaks like an evangelist as she weaves quantum physics and astronomy to describe the dawn of time. "I think that the story of the creation of the universe is the most inspiring and exciting story science can tell. I mean, who would have thought I could be telling you about events 10 to the minus 35 seconds after the big bang?" she said, seated in her cluttered, sunny UC Santa Cruz office amid photos of her two daughters and her husband. "It's just totally inspiring." " Mike Swift interviewing Faber, 'Last outer space repair of Hubble telescope pairs genius of two South Bay women', Contra Costa Times (California), May 9, 2009.
  302. ↑ "TSN: Stuart Kauffman"। Thesciencenetwork.org। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১২-০৬-০৩। 
  303. ↑ "The Dutch Nobel prize-winner, Simon van der Meer expressed this as follows: "As a physicist, you have to have a split personality to be still able to believe in a god."" Alfred Driessen, Antoine Suarez, Mathematical undecidability, quantum nonlocality, and the question of the existence of God (1997).
  304. ↑ "Have you ever broken one of the ten commandments? As an atheist from an early age, I can't readily remember them. But I expect I have." Lifeline: Steven Rose, Lancet Vol. 355 Issue 9213 p. 1472, April 22, 2000.
  305. ↑ Steve Batterson (২০০৭)। Steven Smale: The Mathematician Who Broke the Dimension Barrier। American Mathematical Soc.। পৃষ্ঠা 11। আইএসবিএন 9780821826966। Jack and Norm were religious individuals, whereas Steve was an atheist who had never been inside a church. 
  306. ↑ Azpurua: "Would it be accurate to say that you are an atheist?" Weinberg: "Yes. I don't believe in God, but I don't make a religion out of not believing in God. I don't organize my life around that." In Search of the God Particle, by Ana Elena Azpurua, Newsweek Web Exclusive, March 24, 2008, p. 3 (Accessed March 25, 2008)
  307. ↑ In a review of Susskind's book The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design, string theorist Michael Duff identifies Steven Weinberg as an "arch-atheist".[৭]
  308. ↑ In the book The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins identifies Steven Weinberg as an atheist.richarddawkins.net.
  309. ↑ Wozniak, Steven। "Letters – General Questions Answered"। woz.org। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৯-২৬। ... I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference). I've never been to church and prefer to think for myself. I do believe that religions stand for good things, and that if you make irrational sacrifices for a religion, then everyone can tell that your religion is important to you and can trust that your most important inner faiths are strong. 
  310. ↑ "I never outgrew my conversion to atheism at 13, but at various times was a serious cultural Jew." The Guardian Profile (নভেম্বর ৬, ১৯৯৯)। "Steven Pinker: the mind reader"। London: Guardian News and Media Limited। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৬-১২-১০। 
  311. ↑ Gal Beckerman (জানুয়ারি ২৬, ২০১১)। "Creator of Neutron Bomb Leaves an Explosive Legacy"। Forward Association, Inc.। As for his own Jewish identity, Cohen was an avowed atheist who was cremated after he died, against Jewish tradition. But still he was proud of being Jewish, his daughter said, and even had a kind of “arrogant attitude” about Jewish intelligence. 
  312. ↑ "In his later years, Chandra had openly admitted to being an atheist which also meant that he subscribed to no religion in the customary sense of the word." Vishveshwara, S. 2000. Leaves from an unwritten diary: S. Chandrasekhar, Reminiscences and Reflections, Current Science, 78(8):1025–1033.
  313. ↑ Kameshwar C. Wali (১৯৯১)। Chandra: A Biography of Chandrasekhar। University of Chicago Press। পৃষ্ঠা 304। আইএসবিএন 9780226870557। SC: I am not religious in any sense; in fact, I consider myself an atheist. 
  314. ↑ "Interview with Dr. S. Chandrasekhar"। American Institute of Physics। 
  315. ↑ "Some Things I Do Not Believe In: Angels, Astrology,... Devils, Elves, Faeries, Faith, Gods, "Intelligent Design", Leprechauns, ...Magic..."[৮]
  316. ↑ István Hargittai; Magdolna Hargittai (2006-10-23). Candid Science VI: More Conversations with Famous Scientists. Books.google.com. p. 32. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  317. ↑ In a Point of Inquiry podcast interview, Blackmore described religion as a collection of "really pernicious memes", "I think religious memeplexes are really amongst the nastiest viruses we have on the planet". Blackmore also practices Zen Buddhist meditation; later, when she was asked: "And you find this practice of Zen, the meditative practice, completely compatible with your lack of theism, your atheism...?" she replied: "Oh yes, I mean, there is no god in Buddhism...". Susan Blackmore - In Search of the Light, Point of Inquiry, December 15, 2006 (accessed April 1, 2008).
  318. ↑ Carroll, Sean "Science and Religion Can’t Be Reconciled. Why I won’t take money from the Templeton Foundation." Slate. May 9, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  319. ↑ "He attempted to adopt a scientific attitude in his approach to all problems. His views were liberal, and he was an atheist." Leslie Bairstow, 'Dr. S. Maulik', Nature 166, 422-423 (09 Sep 1950).
  320. ↑ In an Edge discussion following the Beyond Belief conference in 2006, Atran criticised other speakers, saying: "I find it fascinating that among the brilliant scientists and philosophers at the conference, there was no convincing evidence presented that they know how to deal with the basic irrationality of human life and society other than to insist against all reason and evidence that things ought to be rational and evidence based. It makes me embarrassed to be a scientist and atheist."
  321. ↑ Scott Aaronson (জানুয়ারি ১৬, ২০০৭)। "Long-awaited God post"। Shtetl-Optimized – The Blog of Scott Aaronson। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুন ১৫, ২০১৩। If you'd asked, I would've told you that I, like yourself, am what most people would call a disbelieving atheist infidel heretic. 
  322. ↑ Gordon Stein (১৯৮৮)। The encyclopedia of unbelief। 1। Prometheus Books। পৃষ্ঠা 594। আইএসবিএন 9780879753078। Svante Arrhenius (I859-I927), recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry (I903), was a declared atheist and the author of The Evolution of the Worlds and other works on cosmic physics. 
  323. ↑ NNDB.com। "Svante Arrhenius"। Soylent Communications। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১১ সেপ্টেম্বর ২০১২। 
  324. ↑ Horgan, J. (1992) Profile: Hans A. Bethe – Illuminator of the Stars, Scientific American 267(4), 32–40.
  325. ↑ Denis Brian (২০০১)। The Voice Of Genius: Conversations With Nobel Scientists And Other Luminaries। Basic Books। পৃষ্ঠা 117। আইএসবিএন 9780738204475। Bethe: "I am an atheist." 
  326. ↑ ক খ Joseph McCabe (১৯৫০)। A rationalist encyclopaedia: a book of reference on religion, philosophy, ethics, and science (2 সংস্করণ)। Watts। পৃষ্ঠা 384। He was a member of the firm of Vickers' Sons and Maxim. Maxim was an aggressive Atheist (personal knowledge) and the compiler (with the present writer) of the collection of strong criticisms of religion... 
  327. ↑ ক খ The Freethinker, Volume 92। G.W. Foote। ১৯৭২। পৃষ্ঠা 45। Now Maxim really way a militant atheist! 
  328. ↑ "Muller, who through Unitarianism had become an enthusiastic pantheist, was converted both to atheism and to socialism." Hermann Joseph Muller. 1890–1967, G. Pontecorvo, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 14, Nov., 1968 (Nov., 1968), pp. 348-389 (Quote from p. 353) Retrieved July 14, 2007.
  329. ↑ Joseph McCabe (1945). A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers. Haldeman-Julius Publications. Retrieved 10 April 2012. "In his last words (published as Last Thoughts, 1913) he entirely rejects Christianity and believes in God only in the sense that he is the moral ideal. In effect he was an atheist."
  330. ↑ Poincaré, Henri (January 1, 1913). Dernières Pensées. p. 138. Retrieved 10 April 2012. "Les dogmes des religions révélées ne sont pas les seuls à craindre. L'empreinte que le catholicisme a imprimée sur l'âme occidentale a été si profonde que bien des esprits à peine affranchis ont eu la nostalgie de la servitude et se sont efforcés de reconstituer des Eglises ; c'est ainsi que certaines écoles positivistes ne sont qu'un catholicisme sans Dieu. Auguste Comte lui- même rêvait de discipliner les âmes et certains de ses disciples, exagérant la pensée du maître, deviendraient bien vite des ennemis de la science s'ils étaient les plus forts."
  331. ↑ Galina Weinstein, A Biography of Henri Poincaré – 2012 Centenary of the Death of Poincaré, arXiv:1207.0759, physics.hist-ph, 2012
  332. ↑ Willem B. Drees (১৯৯০)। Beyond the Big Bang: Quantum Cosmologies and God। Open Court Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা 22–24। আইএসবিএন 9780812691184। 
  333. ↑ "Sometime after this, Hannes Alfvén was brought to the presence of Prime Minister Ben-Gurion. The latter was curious about this young Swedish scientist who was being much talked about. After a good chat, Ben Gurion came right to the point: "Do you believe in God?" Now, Hannes Alfvén was not quite prepared for this. So he considered his answer for a few brief seconds. But Ben-Gurion took his silence to be a "No." So he said: "Better scientist than you believes in God."" As told by Hannes Alfvén to Asoka Mendis, Hannes Alfvén Birth Centennial.
  334. ↑ "Nuclear power is uniquely unforgiving: as Swedish Nobel physicist Hannes Alfvén said, "No acts of God can be permitted."" Amory Lovins, Inside NOVA - Nuclear After Japan: Amory Lovins, pbs.org.
  335. ↑ "Alfven dismissed in his address religion as a "myth," and passionately criticized the big-bang theory for being dogmatic and violating basic standards of science, to be no less mythical than religion." Helge Kragh, Matter and Spirit in the Universe: Scientific and Religious Preludes to Modern Cosmology (2004), page 252.
  336. ↑ "Since his childhood in Vienna Bondi had been an atheist, developing from an early age a view on religion that associated it with repression and intolerance. This view, which he shared with Hoyle, never left him. On several occasions he spoke out on behalf of freethinking, so-called, and became early on active in British atheist or "humanist" circles. From 1982 to 1999, he was president of the British Humanist Association, and he also served as president of the Rationalist Press Association of United Kingdom." Helge Kragh: "Bondi, Hermann", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 19 p. 343. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. Accessed via Gale Virtual Reference Library April 29, 2008.
  337. ↑ In a letter to the Guardian, Jane Wynne Willson, Vice-President of the British Humanist Association, added to his obituary: "Also president of the Rationalist Press Association from 1982 until his death, and with a particular interest in Indian rationalism, Hermann was a strong supporter of the Atheist Centre in Andhra Pradesh. He and his wife Christine visited the centre a number of times, and the hall in the science museum there bears his name. When presented with a prestigious international award, he divided a large sum of money between the Atheist Centre and women's health projects in Mumbai." Obituary letter: Hermann Bondi, Guardian, September 23, 2005 (accessed April 29, 2008).
  338. ↑ "Everett was a life-long atheist, but he did not let that stand in his way as St. John's was well-regarded academically and socially." Peter Byrne, The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family (2010), page 29.
  339. ↑ Michael Martin (২০০৭)। The Cambridge Companion to Atheism। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 310। আইএসবিএন 9780521842709। Among celebrity atheists with much biographical data, we find leading psychologists and psychoanalysts. We could provide a long list, including...Hans Jürgen Eysenck... 
  340. ↑ Grosch, Herbert (জুলাই ১৫, ১৯৭০)। "Smithsonian National Museum of American History - Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977 - Interview with Herbert R. Grosch" (পিডিএফ)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১২ এপ্রিল ২০১২। I made them quit essentially. When I was nine years old I decided that I was an atheist. So I told them, "Well you shouldn't go to church anymore, it's silly." Well, apparently they'd been going to church primarily for my benefit. So after I refused to go, they quit going too. 
  341. ↑ "Outside the field of scientific research, he was known for his outspoken atheism: belief in God, he once declared, is not only incompatible with good science, but is "damaging to the wellbeing of the human race." " The Telegraph. [৯]
  342. ↑ Kroemer, Herbert। "Herbert Kroemer - Science Video Interview"। Interviewer: "You have no belief in a afterlife?" Kroemer: "That's correct." Interviewer: "...You don't see the evidence of a designer?" Kroemer: "No, I don't." Interviewer: "Could you say more about it?" Kroemer: "I think it's just wishful thinking." 
  343. ↑ Harold Kroto claims to have four "religions": humanism, atheism, amnesty-internationalism and humourism.[১০]
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