উইকিপিডিয়া:বার্তা টেমপ্লেট/নিবন্ধের উৎস
Is the article actually worthy of inclusion?
[সম্পাদনা]Before placing templates on a page it is worthwhile to cast a critical eye over the page to determine whether it should in fact be included in Wikipedia. Some articles can be tagged for speedy deletion or marked as an article for deletion.
Requesting sources
[সম্পাদনা]| What to type | What it makes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| {{unreferenced}} |
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| {{unreferenced section}} |
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| {{citations missing}} |
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| {{cite check}} |
| ||
| {{more footnotes}} |
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| {{no footnotes}} |
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| {{one source}} |
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| {{pagenumbers}} |
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| {{primarysources}} |
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| {{refimprove}} |
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| {{refimprovesect}} |
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| {{self-published}} |
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Inline
[সম্পাদনা]| What to type | What it makes |
|---|---|
| {{citation needed}} |
[তথ্যসূত্র প্রয়োজন] |
| {{clarify}} |
[স্পষ্টকরণ প্রয়োজন] |
| {{copyvio link}} |
[কপিরাইট লঙ্ঘন?] |
| {{dead link}} |
[অকার্যকর সংযোগ] |
| {{dubious}} |
[সন্দেহপূর্ণ ] |
| {{failed verification}} |
[যাচাইকরণ ব্যর্থ হয়েছে] |
| {{or}} |
[মৌলিক গবেষণা?] |
| {{page needed}} |
[পৃষ্ঠা নম্বর প্রয়োজন] |
| {{reference necessary}} |
[তথ্যসূত্র প্রয়োজন] |
| {{request quotation}} |
[যাচাই করার জন্য উদ্ধৃতি প্রয়োজন] |
| {{timefact}} |
[chronology source needed]
|
| {{update after}} |
এক্সপ্রেশন ত্রুটি: অপরিচিত শব্দ "parameter"। |
| {{verify credibility}} |
[অনির্ভরযোগ্য উৎস?] |
| {{verify source}} |
[যাচাই প্রয়োজন] |
| {{which?}} |
[কোনটি?] |
| {{who}} |
[কে?] |
Including third-party content
[সম্পাদনা]United States government attribution templates
[সম্পাদনা]These templates can be added to articles (close to the end of the article, in the References or External links section, for example). Before adding the template to an article, check the details of the usage - some templates require parameters such as a URL. Most of these templates add the articles to the category Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government.
Other
[সম্পাদনা]Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.
Public domain
[সম্পাদনা]| What to type | What it makes | Where it goes |
|---|---|---|
| {{1728}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:1728 | Articles near bottom |
| {{1771 Britannica}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:1771 Britannica | Articles near bottom |
| {{1911}} Talk |
 এই নিবন্ধটি একটি প্রকাশন থেকে অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঠ্য যা বর্তমানে পাবলিক ডোমেইনে: চিসাম, হিউ, সম্পাদক (১৯১১)। ব্রিটিশ বিশ্বকোষ (১১তম সংস্করণ)। কেমব্রিজ ইউনিভার্সিটি প্রেস।
|
Articles near bottom |
| {{Sect1911}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Sect1911 | Articles at the end of a section |
| {{1913}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:1913 | Articles near bottom |
| {{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature | Articles near bottom |
| {{Catholic}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, সম্পাদক (১৯১৩)। "article name needed"। Catholic Encyclopedia। New York: Robert Appleton।
|
Articles near bottom |
| {{DNB}} Talk |
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Dictionary of National Biography। London: Smith, Elder & Co। ১৮৮৫–১৯০০।
|
Articles near bottom |
| {{Eastons}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (১৮৯৭)। Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised সংস্করণ)। T. Nelson and Sons।
|
Articles at top |
| {{Etude}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Etude | Articles near bottom |
| {{Gray's}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Gray's | Articles near bottom |
| {{Grocers}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Grocers | Articles near bottom |
| {{GSE}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:GSE | Articles near bottom |
| {{JargonFile}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:JargonFile | Articles near bottom |
| {{JewishEncyclopedia}} Talk |
এই নিবন্ধটি এখন পাবলিক ডোমেইনের একটি প্রকাশনার পাঠ্য অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে: Singer, Isidore; ও অন্যান্য, সম্পাদকগণ (১৯০১–১৯০৬)। The Jewish Encyclopedia। New York: Funk & Wagnalls।
|
Articles near bottom |
| {{KeyTarot}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:KeyTarot | Articles near bottom |
| {{NHC}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:NHC | Articles near bottom |
| {{Owl}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Owl | Articles near bottom |
| {{pg}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Pg | Articles near bottom |
| {{RBD}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:RBD | Articles near bottom |
| {{Schaff-Herzog}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Schaff-Herzog | Articles near bottom |
| {{SeyffertDCA}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:SeyffertDCA | Articles near bottom |
| {{SmithDGRA}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities by William Smith (1870). | Articles near bottom |
| {{SmithDGRBM}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870). | Articles near bottom |
| {{SmithDGRG}} Talk |
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). | Articles near bottom |
| {{Vectorsite}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Vectorsite | Articles Reference |
| {{WaceBio}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:WaceBio | Articles near bottom |
Wikis
[সম্পাদনা]| What to type | What it makes | Where it goes |
|---|---|---|
| {{Citizendium}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Citizendium | Articles near bottom |
| {{from Camerapedia}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:From Camerapedia | Articles bottom |
| {{from Comixpedia}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:From Comixpedia | Articles bottom |
| {{FOLDOC}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:FOLDOC | Articles near bottom |
| {{OpenHistory}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:OpenHistory | Articles near bottom |
| {{Wookieepedia}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Wookieepedia | Talk pages |
| {{WorldCoinGallery}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:WorldCoinGallery | Articles Reference |
Citations of generic sources
[সম্পাদনা] | নিম্নলিখিত উইকিপিডিয়া:নীতিমালা ও নির্দেশাবলী সম্পর্কিত পাতাটি বর্তমানে ইংরেজিতে আছে বা অনুবাদের কাজ চলছে। দয়া করে এটি অনুবাদ করে আমাদেরকে সহায়তা করুন। যদি অনুবাদ করা শেষ হয়ে থাকে এই নোটিশটি সরিয়ে নিন। |
 | এই সাহায্য পাতাটি একটি কীভাবে করবেন ধরনের নির্দেশিকা। এটি উইকিপিডিয়ার কিছু নিয়ম ও পদ্ধতির বিশদ বর্ণনা করে। এটি উইকিপিডিয়ার কোনো নীতিমালা বা নির্দেশাবলী নয়। |
- See also: WP:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates, such as "citation needed" and many more.
Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus; see WP:CITECONSENSUS and WP:CITEVAR. The various citation templates below may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format.
পাদটীকার ব্যবহার
[সম্পাদনা]For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing <ref> at the front of the citation and </ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a <ref></ref> button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e. <ref>citation</ref>).
Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see WP:FNNR and MOS:APPENDIX for more information on section names:
== Notes == <references />
or
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
একাধিক বার একই পাদটীকা ব্যবহার
[সম্পাদনা]Optionally, one may add the name attribute by using <ref name="name">details of the citation</ref>. Thereafter, the same footnote may be used multiple times by adding <ref name="name" />. Note that named references begin with <ref instead of the usual <ref>.
একই উৎস থেকে একাধিক পাতার ব্যবহার
[সম্পাদনা]When an article cites many different pages from the same source, most Wikipedia editors have chosen to use shortened footnotes (see Shortened footnotes). An alternative method is to use the template {{rp}}.
Creating links to citations
[সম্পাদনা]Wikilinks to citation templates can be created using the templates {{harv}}, {{harvnb}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{sfn}}, etc. For example this "Mumford 1999" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest for inline citations using parenthetical referencing or when using shortened footnotes.[১] (See the examples below or wikilinks to full references)
Using commas rather than periods
[সম্পাদনা]{{Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ templates, except that the periods are replaced with commas and there is no final period. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{citation}} can be found at {{citation/core}}. The parameters |separator= |postscript= (available for most templates) can also be used to affect the punctuation.
উদাহরণ
[সম্পাদনা]Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video and editorial comics, etc.
- For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it—click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or টেমপ্লেট:Cite xxx) in the "template (required)" column of the table below.
- Required field(s) are indicated in bold
- Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
- Following each example is the resulting article text.
For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: Wikipedia:Citation tools.
Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: Wikipedia:Footnotes.
| source | template (required) |
common usage | Example 1 article text |
Example 2 article text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| book | {{cite book}} title |
{{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| title =
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| edition =
| date =
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}
|
{{cite book
| last = Mumford
| first = David
| authorlink = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of V...
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes ...
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| location = Berlin
| date = 1999
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001 }}
Mumford, David (১৯৯৯)। The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes। Lecture Notes in Mathematics। 1358 (2nd expanded সংস্করণ)। Berlin: Springer-Verlag। পৃষ্ঠা 198। Zbl 0945.14001। আইএসবিএন 354063293X। এমআর 1748380। ডিওআই:10.1007/b62130। |
{{cite book
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb
| first3 =David | last3 = Noonan
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| location = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| year= 2001
| pages = 198–203
| month = September
| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (২০০১)। Manual of the Planes। Berlin: Wizards of the Coast। পৃষ্ঠা 198–203। আইএসবিএন 0-7869-1850-8 |
| {{Citation}} |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| place =
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| origyear =
| year =
| month=
| edition =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
| page =
| pages =
| language =
| url =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}
|
{{Citation
| first = David | last = Mu...
| author-link = David Mumfo...
| title = The Red Book of V...
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes ...
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| year = 1999
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001 }}
Mumford, David (১৯৯৯), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1358 (2nd expanded সংস্করণ), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, পৃষ্ঠা 198, Zbl 0945.14001, আইএসবিএন 354063293X, এমআর 1748380, ডিওআই:10.1007/b62130 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff
| last3 = Noonan | first3 = David
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
|pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| year = 2001
| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (সেপ্টেম্বর ২০০১), Manual of the Planes, Berlin: Wizards of the Coast, পৃষ্ঠা 198–203, আইএসবিএন 0-7869-1850-8 | |
| journal paper thesis dissertation |
{{cite journal}} Title |
{{cite journal
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| publisher =
| location =
| date =
| language =
| url =
| jstor =
| issn =
| doi =
| id =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite journal
| authorlink = Stephen Brey...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972 }}
Breyer, Stephen (অক্টোবর ১৯৭২)। "Copyright: A Rejoinder"। UCLA Law Review। 20: 75–83। |
{{cite journal
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author1-link = David H. Bailey
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author2-link = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author3-link = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| year = 1997
| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002 }}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (২৫ জুন ১৯৯৭)। "The Quest for Pi" (পিডিএফ)। Mathematical Intelligencer। Berlin: Springer-Verlag। 19 (1): 50–57। Zbl 0878.11002। আইএসএসএন 0343-6993। এমআর 1439159। ডিওআই:10.1007/BF03024340। |
| {{Citation}} journal (or periodical) |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| date =
| origyear =
| year =
| month =
| language =
| url =
| jstor =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| doi =
| id =
| mr =
| zbl =
| jfm = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Bre...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972
| year = 1972 }}
Breyer, Stephen (অক্টোবর ১৯৭২), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review, 20: 75–83 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author1-link = David H. Bailey
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author2-link = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author3-link = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| year = 1997
| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002 }}
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter; Borwein, Jonathan M. (২৫ জুন ১৯৯৭), "The Quest for Pi" (পিডিএফ), Mathematical Intelligencer, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 19 (1): 50–57, Zbl 0878.11002, আইএসএসএন 0343-6993, এমআর 1439159, ডিওআই:10.1007/BF03024340 | |
| website | {{cite web}} title url |
{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| work =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite web
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url=http://science-educat...
| accessdate = 30 April 2006 }}
Spiegel, Rachel। "Research in the News: Thalidomide"। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩০ এপ্রিল ২০০৬। {{cite web
| title =
| url =
| date =
| accessdate = }}
(Write date as one of the formats shown at MOS:DATE; e.g. |
{{cite web
| last = Hansen
| first = James E.
| authorlink = James E. Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for...
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| accessdate = September 28, 2006 }}
Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (ডিসেম্বর ১৫, ২০০৫)। "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation"। NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies। সংগ্রহের তারিখ সেপ্টেম্বর ২৮, ২০০৬। |
| {{Citation}} title url |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| date =
| year =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url=http://science-educat...
| accessdate = 30 April 2006 }}
Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩০ এপ্রিল ২০০৬ |
{{Citation
| last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
| author1-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for ...
| date = December 15, 2005
| year = 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| accessdate = September 28, 2006 }}
Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (ডিসেম্বর ১৫, ২০০৫), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, সংগ্রহের তারিখ সেপ্টেম্বর ২৮, ২০০৬ | |
| comic | {{cite comic}}[২] |
{{cite comic
| writer=
| penciller=
| inker=
| story=
| title=
| volume=
| issue=
| date=
| publisher=
| page=
| panel= }}
|
{{cite comic
| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]]
| penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]]
| inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]]
| story=The Fantastic Four!
| title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]]
| volume=1
| issue=1
| date=November, 1961
| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]
| page=3
| panel=2 }}
Lee, Stan (লে), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four 1: 3/2 (November, 1961), Marvel Comics |
|
| comic strip | {{comic strip reference}}[৩] |
{{comic strip reference
| cartoonist=
| strip=
| paper=
| location=
| date=
| supplement=
| syndicate=
| page= }}
|
{{comic strip reference
| cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]]
| strip=[[Steve Canyon]]
| paper=Journal Herald
| location=Dayton, OH
| date=July 15, 1967
| supplement=Color Comics Supplement
| syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate
| page=1 }}
| |
| conference report or paper |
{{cite conference}} title booktitle |
{{cite conference
| first =
| last =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =
| booktitle =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| location =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite conference
| first = M.
| last = Turk
| coauthors = Pentland, A.
| title = Face recognition ...
| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| year = 1991 }}
Turk, M. (১৯৯১)। "Face recognition using eigenfaces"। Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition। Maui, Hawaii। পৃষ্ঠা 586–591। অজানা প্যারামিটার |
{{cite conference
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| title = Direct detection of the ...
| booktitle = American Astronomical Society 207th ...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm }}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (জানুয়ারি ৯, ২০০৬)। "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope"। American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting। AAS। |
| {{Citation}} |
{{Citation
| first =
| last =
| author-link =
| first2 =
| last2 =
| author2-link =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| series =
| year =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| url =
| doi =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
| last2 = Pet... | first2 = A.
| contribution = Face recog...
| series = Proc IEEE Confere...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| year = 1991 }}
Turk, M.; Petland, A. (১৯৯১), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Maui, Hawaii, পৃষ্ঠা 586–591 |
{{Citation
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| contribution = Direct detection of ...
| series = American Astronomical...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| contribution-url = http://...30.htm }}
Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (জানুয়ারি ৯, ২০০৬), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS | |
| court case (legal decision) | {{cite court}} |
{{cite court
|litigants =
|vol =
|reporter =
|opinion =
|pinpoint =
|court =
|date =
|url= }}
|
{{cite court
|litigants=Roe v. Wade
|vol=410
|reporter=U.S.
|opinion=113
|date=1973
|url=http://www.law.corn... }}
| |
| encyclopedia, edited collection |
{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia |
{{cite encyclopedia
| title =
| encyclopedia =
| volume =
| pages =
| publisher =
| date =
| id =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Kirkegaard...
| encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| year = 1882 }}
Winkler Prins, Anthony, সম্পাদক (১৮৮২)। "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund"। Grote Winkler Prins। 9। Elsevier। |
{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| authorlink = Martin Kramer
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Bernard Lewis
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| date = 1999
| url = http://www.oocities.com/mart... }}
Kramer, Martin (১৯৯৯)। "Bernard Lewis"। Boyd, Kelley। Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing। 1। London: Fitzroy Dearborn। পৃষ্ঠা 719–720। |
| {{Citation}} contribution=name of article |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| contribution =
| year =
| title =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| volume =
| pages =
| place =
| publisher =
| id = }}
|
{{Citation
| contribution = Kirkegaard...
| title = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| year = 1882 }}
Winkler Prins, Anthony, সম্পাদক (১৮৮২), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, 9, Elsevier |
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians ...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://...is.htm }}
Kramer, Martin (১৯৯৯), "Bernard Lewis", Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, পৃষ্ঠা 719–720 | |
| episode (television or radio) |
{{cite episode}} title |
{{cite episode
| title =
| episodelink =
| url =
| series =
| serieslink =
| credits =
| network =
| station =
| city =
| airdate =
| began =
| ended =
| season =
| seriesno =
| number =
| minutes =
| transcript =
| transcripturl= }}
|
{{cite episode
| title = BBC-TV Presents: ...
| episodelink = BBC Snooker World ...
| series = Wide World of Snooker
| serieslink = Wide World of Snooker ...
| credits = Presenters: [[Dennis ...
| network = [[BBC]]
| station = [[BBC Two]]
| city = [[Sheffield]], ...
| airdate = 2008-04-27
| minutes = 2:34}}
Presenters: Dennis Taylor and Clive Everton (২০০৮-০৪-২৭)। "BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible"। Wide World of Snooker। 2:34 minutes in। BBC। BBC Two। অজানা প্যারামিটার |
{{cite episode
| title = Duet
| episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant...
| series = Stargate Atlantis
| serieslink = Stargate Atlantis
| airdate = August 5, 2005
| season = 2
| number = 4 }}
"Duet"। Stargate Atlantis। 2 মৌসুম। পর্ব 4। আগস্ট ৫, ২০০৫। |
| mailing list | {{cite mailing list}} title url |
{{cite mailing list
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| title =
| mailinglist =
| date =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite mailing list
|last=Murdock
|first=Ian
|authorlink=Ian Murdock
|title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9...
|mailinglist=debian-announce
|date=26 October 1995
|url=http://lists.debian.or...
|accessdate=20 April 2007 }}
Murdock, Ian (২৬ অক্টোবর ১৯৯৫)। "Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available"। debian-announce (মেইলিং তালিকা)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০ এপ্রিল ২০০৭। | |
| map | {{cite map}} publisher title edition |
{{cite map
|publisher =
|title =
|url =
|edition =
|section =
|accessdate = }}
|
{{cite map
|publisher=Kansas Departmen...
|title=Official State Trans...
|url=http://www.ksdot.org/b...
|edition=2005–2006
|section=F9
|accessdate=March 30, 2007 }}
Official State Transportation Map (পিডিএফ) (মানচিত্র) (2005–2006 সংস্করণ)। Kansas Department of Transportation। § F9। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মার্চ ৩০, ২০০৭। |
{{cite map
|publisher=Skelly Oil Company
|title=Highway Map of Oklahoma
|cartography=Diversified Map Co
|edition=1966
|section=11C }}
Highway Map of Oklahoma (মানচিত্র) (1966 সংস্করণ)। Diversified Map Co দ্বারা মানচিত্রাঙ্কন। Skelly Oil Company। § 11C। |
| news article | {{cite news}} Title |
{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| coauthors =
| title =
| newspaper =
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite news
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is ...
| pages =
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url = http://www.independent.co.uk ...
}}
Finn, Gary (৩১ আগস্ট ১৯৯৮)। "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair"। The Independent। London। |
{{cite news
| last = Andersen
| first = David
| coauthors = Witter, Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO...
| work = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| url = http://www.military.com/Caree...
| accessdate = 6 June 2006 }}
Andersen, David (১৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০০৬)। "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success"। Marine Corps News। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৬ জুন ২০০৬। অজানা প্যারামিটার |
| {{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical) |
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =
| newspaper =
| pages =
| year =
| date =
| url =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{Citation
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is ...
| pages =
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url =http://www.independent.co.uk ...
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation ...
| archivedate = 2010-03-06
}}
Finn, Gary (৩১ আগস্ট ১৯৯৮), "What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair", The Independent, London, ২০১০-০৩-০৬ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা |
{{Citation
| last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
| last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO...
| newspaper = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| year = 2006
| url = http://www.military.com/Ca...
| accessdate = 2 June 2006
}}
Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen (১৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০০৬), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২ জুন ২০০৬ | |
| newsgroup posting (DO NOT USE TO VERIFY) |
{{cite newsgroup}} Title |
{{cite newsgroup
| title =
| author =
| date =
| newsgroup =
| id =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite newsgroup
| author = Gary S. Terhune
| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del...
| date = January 11, 2004
| newsgroup = microsoft.pub...
| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2...
| url = http://groups.googl...
| accessdate = May 16, 2006 }}
Gary S. Terhune (জানুয়ারি ১১, ২০০৪)। "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd"। সংবাদগোষ্ঠী: microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion। uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মে ১৬, ২০০৬। |
{{cite newsgroup
| title = How can helping "Kids in Af...
| author = Trodel
| date = June 10, 2006
| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob...
| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20...
| url = http://groups.google.com/grou...
| accessdate = July 3, 2006 }}
Trodel (জুন ১০, ২০০৬)। "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest"। সংবাদগোষ্ঠী: humanities.philosophy.objectivism। 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুলাই ৩, ২০০৬। |
| patent | {{Citation}} inventor-last |
{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number = }}
|
{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams অজানা প্যারামিটার | |
| press release | {{cite press release}} Title |
{{cite press release
| title =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =
| accessdate = }}
|
{{cite press release
| title = Nature compares W...
| publisher = The Wikimedia...
| date = 15 December 2005
| url = http://en.wikipedia...
| accessdate = 3 July 2006 }}
"Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica" (সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তি)। The Wikimedia Foundation। ১৫ ডিসেম্বর ২০০৫। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩ জুলাই ২০০৬। |
{{cite press release
| title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo...
| publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P...]]
| date = May 25, 2006
| url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32
| accessdate = June 13, 2006 }}
"HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards" (সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তি)। Hollywood Foreign Press Association। মে ২৫, ২০০৬। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুন ১৩, ২০০৬। |
| video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.) |
{{cite video}} people title |
{{cite video
| people =
| title =
| medium =
| publisher =
| location =
| date =
| url = }}
|
{{cite video
| people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director)
| title = [http://www.imdb...]
| medium = Television production
| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om...
| location = Lebanon
| date = 2001 }}
Al-Issawi, Omar (Director) (২০০১)। Harab libnan (Television production)। Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar। |
{{cite video
| people = Dick Cavett
| title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock...
| medium = DVD
| publisher = Shout Factory
| date = 2005 }}
Dick Cavett (২০০৫)। The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) (DVD)। Shout Factory। |
| video game | {{cite video game}} title developer |
{{cite video game
| title =
| developer =
| publisher =
| date =
| platform =
| version =
| level =
| language =
| isolang =
| quote = }}
|
{{cite video game
|title=[[Halo 3]]
|developer= [[Bungie]]
|publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]]
|date=September 25, 2007
|platform=[[Xbox 360]]
|version=1.0
|level=The Storm
|language=English
|isolang=
|quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? /...
Bungie (সেপ্টেম্বর ২৫, ২০০৭)। Halo 3 (Xbox 360) (English ভাষায়) (1.0 সংস্করণ)। Microsoft Game Studios। Level/area: The Storm। |
- {{cite album-notes}}
- {{cite thesis}}
হার্ভার্ড তথ্যসূত্র এবং সংক্ষিপ্ত পাদটীকা উদাহরণ
[সম্পাদনা]These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All the following templates are supported: {{citation}} · {{cite book}} · {{cite journal}} · {{cite web}} · {{cite conference}} · {{cite encyclopedia}} · {{cite mailing list}} · {{cite manual}} · {{cite news}} · {{cite press release}} · {{cite arXiv}} · {{cite video}} (an up-to-date list is at Template:Citation/core). To use the links, the template must define "Surname" (or "Last") and "Year" and must include |
| What to type | What it makes |
|---|---|
==Notes== |
|
|
|
|
Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers.
|
Harvcol templates
|
প্রকারভেদ
[সম্পাদনা]Wikipedia does not dictate a particular way to insert citations into an article. As a result, there are multiple ways to structure citations in an article; multiple ways to insert individual citations; and multiple ways to link short-form inline citations with the full-form citations in the bibliography, when using a style that calls for short-form citations.
There are three primary ways to format individual citations:
- By hand. When using inline citations (see below), these are simply typed directly; however, when using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, these can be surrounded with {{wikicite}} to ensure that the appropriate shortened references are linked to the full references below.
- Using the উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ templates, such as {{cite book}}, {{cite web}}, {{cite journal}}, or {{cite news}}.
- Using the generic {{Citation}} template.
The main differences between the generic {{Citation}} template and the specific উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ templates are:
- The উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ templates produce citations with individual sections (e.g. title, author, publisher, etc.) separated by periods, with a trailing period, while {{Citation}} separates sections with a comma and has no trailing punctuation. (However, this can be changed using the
|separator=and|postscript=parameters.) - Not all উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ templates can easily be replaced by the {{Citation}} template. Generally, any উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ template of a general nature (e.g. book; web site; journal or newspaper article; article in an edited collection or encyclopedia; etc.) can be replaced, but specialized templates (court cases, comic books, video games, etc.) cannot very easily.
- Some of the parameter names differ. For example, citing an article in an edited collection uses the misnamed {{cite encyclopedia}} template, with
|title=for the article name and|encyclopedia=for the collection name; the equivalent parameters in {{Citation}} are namedcontributionandtitle, respectively. - When using parenthetical referencing, a Harv templates template that identifies a citation by author and year will automatically link to the appropriate citation elsewhere in the article if created using {{Citation}}. If created using উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১, however, a
|ref=harvparameter must be added.
There are also at least three ways to structure citations as a whole in an article:
- Inline citations. These simply place the citation inside of a
<ref>...</ref>reference, which inserts a small bracketed, superscripted number. When clicked on, it links to a correspondingly-numbered footnote (more properly an endnote) placed elsewhere in the article. The footnotes themselves are inserted using {{reflist}}, which is typically placed by itself in a Notes (or References) section near the end of the article. When there are multiple references to the same citation, typing can be saved by using<ref name="foo">...</ref>the first time, and just<ref name="foo"/>elsewhere. When there are citations that differ only in page number, there are two alternatives: write all the citations out in full, including the page number, or use one citation without page numbers along with the {{rp}} template to add an inline page number after the small bracketed footnote number. - Shortened footnotes. Instead of the full-form citation appearing in the footnote, a shortened form appears, giving only the author and year (or in some styles, a shortened version of the article or book title), and page number if appropriate. The full citation appears later on, in a bibliography section. This usually follows directly after the footnotes, is titled "References" or "Bibliography", and contains all relevant citations, listed in alphabetical order. This style is especially appropriate when there are large numbers of references overall and frequent cases of multiple references to the same work, especially in the presence of differing page numbers.
- Parenthetical references. These are conceptually similar to shortened footnotes, but the shortened reference appears inline in the text, in parentheses, rather than in a footnote.
When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, there are multiple ways to link the shortened and full-form references:
- Don't link them. This happens by default when the shortened references are typed in by hand.
- Insert manual links. These look like e.g.
[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006, p. 25]]. The anchor#refPereira2006is attached to the full-form citation by surrounding it with {{wikicite}} (if inserted by hand), or adding a|ref=parameter to the citation template. - Insert links using a Harv templates template, e.g.
{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}. This will insert "Pereira 2006, পৃ. 25" into the text and link it to the citation with the corresponding last name and year. As mentioned above, when using a উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ১ template, the parameter|ref=harvmust be added, but this is unnecessary for {{Citation}}. When using parenthetical references, the plain {{Harv}} template is used, which automatically inserts parentheses. Other variations format the page number or parentheses differently. - Use the
{{sfn}}template for the whole of the footnote. The{{sfn}}template creates its own named<ref>...</ref>tags:{{sfn|Pereira|2006|p=25}}is exactly equivalent to<ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006]], p. 25.</ref>which is itself equivalent to<ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>.{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}</ref>
See also WP:Footnotes and WP:Citing sources for general information, and WP:CITEX for specific examples of exactly how to write the code for various combinations of the above styles.
নোট
[সম্পাদনা]- ↑ In contrast to parenthetical referencing or shortened footnotes, citations using the footnote system don't require wikilinks of course, as the inline citations in this method simply appear as numbers within the text, linking to a list of full citations (and notes) at the end of the article (like this).
- ↑
Notes on {{cite comic}}:
- This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person.
- The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
- See the talk page for more details and field explanations.
- ↑
Notes on {{comic strip reference}}
- The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
- See the talk page for more details and field explanations.
Citations for footnotes and for linking
[সম্পাদনা]The following examples are examples of Wikipedia:Footnotes from {{Ref/examples}} are rendered as a template in the following table. These references can be used with the citations above to create a link from the text to the references. টেমপ্লেট:Ref/examples
Citations of specific sources
[সম্পাদনা]Notes:
- See also Wikipedia:Template messages/Links#External links for components of online citations such as DOIs.
- ISBNs are autolinked by the Wikipedia software; see Wikipedia:ISBN.
- RFC references such as "RFC 2821" are also autolinked.
- PMIDs are also autolinked; see Wikipedia:PMID.
| What to type | What it makes |
|---|---|
| {{ITIS|ID=|taxon=|year=|date=}} Talk |
"Genus species"। ইন্টিগ্রেটেড ট্যাক্সোনোমিক ইনফরমেশন সিস্টেম। |
| {{FishBase species|genus=|species=|year=|month=}} Talk |
|
| {{FishBase species alt|ID=|taxon=|year=|month=}} Talk |
ফ্রোয়সে, রেইনার এবং ড্যানিয়েল পাউলি সম্পাদিত (2004)। "Genus species"। ফিশবেজ। এপ্রিল 2004 সংস্করণ। |
| {{FishBase_genus|genus=|year=|month=}} Talk |
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (Year). Species of Genus in FishBase. Month Year version. |
| {{FishBase family|family=|year=|month=}} Talk |
|
| {{IUCN|author=|title=|year=|ID=|IUCN_Year=}} Talk |
Lastname, Firstname Initial (Year)। "Title"। বিপদগ্রস্ত প্রজাতির আইইউসিএন লাল তালিকা। সংস্করণ IUCN_Year। প্রকৃতি সংরক্ষণের জন্য আন্তর্জাতিক ইউনিয়ন। এখানে তারিখের মান পরীক্ষা করুন: |
| {{Gutenberg | no=6656 | name=The Kiltartan Poetry Book}} Talk |
|
| {{Citeseer | View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition | pentland94viewbased }} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Citeseer |
| {{MathWorld | urlname=PetersenGraph | title=Petersen Graph}} Talk |
এরিক ডব্লিউ. ওয়াইস্টাইন সম্পাদিত ম্যাথওয়ার্ল্ড থেকে "Petersen Graph"। |
| {{ScienceWorld | urlname=biography/Einstein.html | title=Albert Einstein}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:ScienceWorld |
| {{Wipipedia|Wiki_pagename_with_underscores}} Talk |
টেমপ্লেট:Wipipedia |
| The Encyclopedia of World History at Bartleby.com {{worldhistory|section=|quote=}} |
Example: {{worldhistory|section=716|quote=Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751}} |
| USGS Geographic Names Information System {{Gnis|id|name|type=}} |
Example: {{Gnis|2410240|Cotati}} |
| USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature {{Gpn|id|name}} |
Example: {{Gpn|65876|Stickney}} |
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
- নীতিমালা তৈরির কাজ চলছে
- উইকিপিডিয়া কীভাবে করবেন
- Wikipedia articles needing factual verification
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Comixpedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Easton's Bible Dictionary
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from FOLDOC
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from OpenHistory
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Wipipedia
- Wikipedia sources