সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের ওমিক্রন প্রকারণ: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে

রৈখিক

১৫:১৫, ২৮ আগস্ট ২০২৩ তারিখে সংশোধিত সংস্করণ

সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের ওমিক্রন প্রকারণ করোনাভাইরাস ২০১৯ (কোভিড-১৯) রোগ সৃষ্টিকারী সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের (গুরুতর তীব্র শ্বাসযন্ত্রীয় সংলক্ষণ সৃষ্টিকারী ভাইরাস-২) একটি প্রকারণ।^[১] এটির প্যাঙ্গো বংশনাম বি.১.১.৫২৯, জিসেইড ক্লেড শনাক্তকারক নাম জিআর/৪৮৪এ এবং নেক্সটস্ট্রেইন ক্লেড শনাক্তকারক নাম ২১কে। এই প্রকারণটি দ্বারা আক্রান্ত প্রথম রোগীটিকে ২০২১ সালের নভেম্বর মাসের ৯ তারিখে দক্ষিণাঞ্চলীয় আফ্রিকার বতসোয়ানা রাষ্ট্রে সর্বপ্রথম শনাক্ত করা হয়।^[২] ২০২১ সালের ২৬শে নভেম্বর বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা এটিকে একটি উদ্বেগজনক প্রকারণ হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করে এবং এটিকে গ্রিক বর্ণ ওমিক্রনের নামে নামকরণ করে।^[৩]^[৪]^[৫]

ওমিক্রন প্রকারণটিতে অস্বাভাবিক সংখ্যক বেশি পরিমাণে বংশাণুগত পরিব্যক্তি ঘটেছে, যেগুলির অনেকগুলি নতুন প্রকৃতির। এগুলির মধ্যে বেশ কিছু পরিব্যক্তি করোনাভাইরাসের কীলক প্রোটিনটিতে ঘটেছে, যে প্রোটিনটি এ পর্যন্ত উদ্ভাবিত করোনাভাইরাস রোগের বিভিন্ন টিকার মূল্য লক্ষ্যবস্তু। এইরূপ বিভেদের কারণে সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের ওমিক্রন প্রকারণটির সংবহনযোগ্যতা, অনাক্রম্যতন্ত্রকে এড়ানোর ক্ষমতা, এবং টিকার বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা অনেক বেশি কি না, সে ব্যাপারে উদ্বেগের সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। ফলে প্রকারণটিকে আগ্রহজনক প্রকারণের পরিবর্তে দ্রুত উদ্বেগজনক প্রকারণ হিসেবে শ্রেণীবদ্ধ করা হয়েছে। প্রকারণটি যাতে আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়তে না পারে বা এর বিস্তার যেন মন্থর হয়ে পড়ে, সে ব্যাপারে ২০২১ সালের নভেম্বরের শেষ সপ্তাহ থেকেই একাধিক দেশ ভ্রমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করেছে।

↑ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants"। www.who.int (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৭ নভেম্বর ২০২১।
↑ "US to Restrict Flights Over New Heavily Mutated Omicron COVID-19 Variant - November 26, 2021"। দৈনিক নিউজ ব্রিফ (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৭ নভেম্বর ২০২১।
↑ "Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern"। বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।
↑ পারেখ, মার্কাস; প্ল্যাট, পপি; দল, বৈশ্বিক স্বাস্থ্য নিরাপত্তা; বার্ন্স, জো (২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১)। "Coronavirus latest news: EU suspends all flights to southern Africa over omicron Covid variant fears"। The Telegraph (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। আইএসএসএন 0307-1235। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।
↑ মায়ার, ডেভিড (১৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১)। "What's Omicron? Here's what we know and don't know about the new COVID variant that's roiling markets and air travel"। Fortune (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[WHO-tracking-1] "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants"। www.who.int (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৭ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[2] "US to Restrict Flights Over New Heavily Mutated Omicron COVID-19 Variant - November 26, 2021"। দৈনিক নিউজ ব্রিফ (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৭ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[who-statement-3] "Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern"। বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[:0-4] পারেখ, মার্কাস; প্ল্যাট, পপি; দল, বৈশ্বিক স্বাস্থ্য নিরাপত্তা; বার্ন্স, জো (২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১)। "Coronavirus latest news: EU suspends all flights to southern Africa over omicron Covid variant fears"। The Telegraph (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। আইএসএসএন 0307-1235। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[:1-5] মায়ার, ডেভিড (১৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১)। "What's Omicron? Here's what we know and don't know about the new COVID variant that's roiling markets and air travel"। Fortune (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৬ নভেম্বর ২০২১।

[১]

[২]

[৩]

[৪]

[৫]

@@ ১ নং লাইন: / ১ নং লাইন: @@
-[[File:Omicron SARS-CoV-2 radial distance tree 2021-Dec-01.svg|thumb|ওমিক্রন ভাইরাসের আণুবীক্ষণিক চিত্র]]
 '''সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের ওমিক্রন প্রকারণ''' করোনাভাইরাস ২০১৯ (কোভিড-১৯) রোগ সৃষ্টিকারী সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের (গুরুতর তীব্র শ্বাসযন্ত্রীয় সংলক্ষণ সৃষ্টিকারী ভাইরাস-২) একটি প্রকারণ।<ref name="WHO-tracking">{{Cite web|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|url=https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/|access-date=27 November 2021|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> এটির প্যাঙ্গো বংশনাম '''বি.১.১.৫২৯''', জিসেইড ক্লেড শনাক্তকারক নাম '''জিআর/৪৮৪এ''' এবং নেক্সটস্ট্রেইন ক্লেড শনাক্তকারক নাম '''২১কে'''। এই প্রকারণটি দ্বারা আক্রান্ত প্রথম রোগীটিকে ২০২১ সালের নভেম্বর মাসের ৯ তারিখে দক্ষিণাঞ্চলীয় আফ্রিকার [[বতসোয়ানা]] রাষ্ট্রে সর্বপ্রথম শনাক্ত করা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=US to Restrict Flights Over New Heavily Mutated Omicron COVID-19 Variant - November 26, 2021|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/11/26/us-to-restrict-flights-over-new-heavily-mutated-omicron-covid-19-variant/|access-date=27 November 2021|website=দৈনিক নিউজ ব্রিফ|language=en-US}}</ref>  ২০২১ সালের ২৬শে নভেম্বর বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা এটিকে একটি [[উদ্বেগজনক প্রকারণ]] হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করে এবং এটিকে গ্রিক বর্ণ [[ওমিক্রন|ওমিক্রনের]] নামে নামকরণ করে।<ref name="who-statement">{{Cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2021|website=বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=পারেখ|first=মার্কাস|last2=প্ল্যাট|first2=পপি|last3=দল|first3=বৈশ্বিক স্বাস্থ্য নিরাপত্তা|last4=বার্ন্স|first4=জো|date=26 November 2021|title=Coronavirus latest news: EU suspends all flights to southern Africa over omicron Covid variant fears|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/covid-new-south-african-variant-strain-lockdown-restrictions/|access-date=26 November 2021|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=মায়ার|first=ডেভিড|date=16 November 2021|title=What's Omicron? Here's what we know and don't know about the new COVID variant that's roiling markets and air travel|url=https://fortune.com/2021/11/26/nu-covid-variant-who-south-africa-markets-oil-crypto-air-travel/|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2021|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref>
 ওমিক্রন প্রকারণটিতে অস্বাভাবিক সংখ্যক বেশি পরিমাণে বংশাণুগত পরিব্যক্তি ঘটেছে, যেগুলির অনেকগুলি নতুন প্রকৃতির। এগুলির মধ্যে বেশ কিছু পরিব্যক্তি করোনাভাইরাসের কীলক প্রোটিনটিতে ঘটেছে, যে প্রোটিনটি এ পর্যন্ত উদ্ভাবিত করোনাভাইরাস রোগের বিভিন্ন টিকার মূল্য লক্ষ্যবস্তু। এইরূপ বিভেদের কারণে সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের ওমিক্রন প্রকারণটির সংবহনযোগ্যতা, অনাক্রম্যতন্ত্রকে এড়ানোর ক্ষমতা, এবং টিকার বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা অনেক বেশি কি না, সে ব্যাপারে উদ্বেগের সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। ফলে প্রকারণটিকে আগ্রহজনক প্রকারণের পরিবর্তে দ্রুত উদ্বেগজনক প্রকারণ হিসেবে শ্রেণীবদ্ধ করা হয়েছে। প্রকারণটি যাতে আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়তে না পারে বা এর বিস্তার যেন মন্থর হয়ে পড়ে, সে ব্যাপারে ২০২১ সালের নভেম্বরের শেষ সপ্তাহ থেকেই একাধিক দেশ ভ্রমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করেছে।
-<!--[অনুবাদ চলছে]
-== Classification ==
-=== Nomenclature ===
-On 26 November, the [[World Health Organization|WHO's]] Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution designated [[PANGOLIN|PANGO lineage]] B.1.1.529 a variant of concern and gave it the designation [[Omicron]]<ref name="who-statement" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> (skipping [[Nu (letter)|Nu]] or [[Xi (letter)|Xi]], the next letters in the [[Greek alphabet]]).<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Parekh|first1=Marcus|last2=Platt|first2=Poppie|last3=Team|first3=Global Health Security|last4=Barnes|first4=Joe|date=26 November 2021|title=Coronavirus latest news: EU suspends all flights to southern Africa over omicron Covid variant fears|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/covid-new-south-african-variant-strain-lockdown-restrictions/|access-date=26 November 2021|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> The World Health Organization reserves the Omicron designation for "variants of concern".<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 November 2021|title=Countries are scrambling to stop a new covid variant|language=en-GB|work=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2021/11/26/a-new-covid-19-variant-has-emerged/|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=":1"/>
-The [[GISAID]] project has assigned it the [[clade]] identifier GR/484A<ref name=WHO-tracking/> and the [[Nextstrain]] project has assigned it the clade identifier 21K.<ref name="WHO-tracking" />
-=== Mutations ===
-The variant has a large number of mutations, of which some are concerning.<ref name=":2" /> 32 mutations affect the [[coronavirus spike protein|spike protein]], the main [[Antigen|antigenic target]] of antibodies generated by infections and of many vaccines widely administered. Many of those mutations had not been observed in other strains.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cookson|first1=Clive|last2=Barnes|first2=Oliver|date=26 November 2021|title=What we know about Omicron variant that has sparked global alarm|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/42c5ff3d-e676-4076-9b9f-7243a00cba5e|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="nature-alert"/>
-The variant is characterised by 30 amino acid changes, three small deletions and one small insertion in the spike protein compared with the original virus, of which 15 are located in the receptor binding domain (residues 319-541). It also carries a number of changes and deletions in other genomic regions. Of note, the variant has three mutations at the furin cleavage site.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=New Virus Variant Stokes Concern but Vaccines Still Likely to Work |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/26/health/omicron-variant-vaccines.html |agency=New York Times |date=26 November 2021 |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref> The [[furin]] cleavage site increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Liping |last2=Mann |first2=Matthew |last3=Zulfeqhar |first3=Syed |last4=Reynolds |first4=Hayley |last5=Tian |first5=E |last6=Samara |first6=Nadine |last7=Zeldin |first7=Darryl |last8=Tabak |first8=Lawrence |title=Furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike is modulated by O-glycosylation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America |date=23 November 2021|volume=118 |issue=47 |pages=e2109905118 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2109905118 |pmid=34732583 |s2cid=242937417 }}</ref> The mutations by genomic region are the following:<ref name="briefing29">{{cite techreport |type=Briefing |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, technical briefing 29 |id=GOV-10481 |institution=Public Health England |date=26 November 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1036501/Technical_Briefing_29_published_26_November_2021.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127004349/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1036501/Technical_Briefing_29_published_26_November_2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ecdc-threat-assessment-brief">{{cite web |title=Implications of the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1. 529 variant of concern (Omicron) for the EU/EEA |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Implications-emergence-spread-SARS-CoV-2%20B.1.1.529-variant-concern-Omicron-for-the-EU-EEA-Nov2021.pdf |website=ecdc.europa.eu |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>
-* [[Coronavirus spike protein|Spike protein]]: A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, Δ211, L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, {{clarify|text=Q493K|reason=ECDC reported Q493K while PHE reported Q493R|date=November 2021}}, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F
-* [[ORF1ab]]
-** nsp3: K38R, V1069I, Δ1265, L1266I, A1892T
-** nsp4: T492I
-** nsp5: P132H
-** nsp6: Δ105-107, A189V
-** nsp12: P323L
-** nsp14: I42V
-* [[Coronavirus envelope protein|Envelope protein]]: T9I
-* [[Coronavirus membrane protein|Membrane protein]]: D3G, Q19E, A63T
-* [[Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein|Nucleocapsid protein]]: P13L, Δ31-33, R203K, G204R
-== Symptoms ==
-{{Main|Symptoms of COVID-19}}
-No unusual symptoms have been associated with the variant, and as with other variants, some individuals are asymptomatic.<ref name="nicd-faq">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Frequently asked questions for the B.1.1.529 mutated SARS-CoV-2 lineage in South Africa |url=https://www.nicd.ac.za/frequently-asked-questions-for-the-b-1-1-529-mutated-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-south-africa/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=NICD |publisher=[[National Institute for Communicable Diseases]]}}</ref>
-== Prevention ==
-{{See also|COVID-19#Prevention}}
-As with other variants, the WHO recommended that people continue to keep enclosed spaces well ventilated, avoid crowding and close contact, wear well-fitting masks, clean hands frequently, and get vaccinated.<ref name="who-statement"/><ref name="reuters"/>
-On 26 November, [[BioNTech]] said it will know in two weeks whether the current vaccine is effective against the variant and that an updated vaccine can be shipped in 100 days if necessary. [[AstraZeneca]], [[Moderna]] and [[Johnson & Johnson]] were also studying the variant's impact on the effectiveness of their vaccines.<ref>{{cite news |title=BioNTech says it could tweak Covid vaccine in 100 days if needed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/nov/26/biontech-says-it-could-tweak-covid-vaccine-in-100-days-if-needed |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=26 November 2021}}</ref>
-WHO asked nations to do the following:
-*"Enhance surveillance and sequencing efforts to better understand circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
-*Submit complete genome sequences and associated metadata to a publicly available database, such as GISAID.
-*Report initial cases/clusters associated with VOC infection to WHO through the IHR mechanism.
-*Where capacity exists and in coordination with the international community, perform field investigations and laboratory assessments to improve understanding of the potential impacts of the VOC on COVID-19 epidemiology, severity, effectiveness of public health and social measures, diagnostic methods, immune responses, antibody neutralization, or other relevant characteristics."<ref>[https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern]</ref>
-== Diagnosis ==
-{{see also|COVID-19 testing}}
-Current [[PCR test]]s can detect the variant. Some laboratories have indicated that a widely used PCR test does not detect one of the three target genes. Just as with the Alpha variant, this partial detection ("S gene target failure") can serve as a marker for the variant, however.<ref name="who-statement"/> [[COVID-19 rapid antigen test|Rapid antigen tests]] are likely not affected.<ref name="nicd-faq"/>
-== Characteristics ==
-Many of the mutations to the spike protein are present in other variants of concern and are related to increased infectivity and antibody evasion. Computational modeling suggests that the variant may also escape [[cell-mediated immunity]].<ref name="nature-alert"/>
-On 26 November, the [[ECDC]] wrote that an evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of convalescent sera and of vaccines is urgently needed to assess possible immune escape, saying these data are expected within two to three weeks.<ref name="ecdc-threat-assessment-brief"/>
-== Epidemiology ==
-The number of cases in the B.1.1.529 lineage is increasing [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|throughout South Africa]], mainly in the South Africa province of [[Gauteng]].<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/11/25/what-we-know-so-far-about-the-b-1-1-529-covid-variant-causing-concern-in-south-africa|title=What we know so far about the B.1.1.529 'Omicron' COVID variant causing concern|work=[[Euronews]]|first=Luke|last=Hurst|date=26 November 2021|accessdate=26 November 2021}}</ref> Some evidence shows that this variant has an increased risk of reinfection. Studies are underway to evaluate the impact on transmissibility, mortality, and other factors. Evidence regarding the implications of this variant and vaccine efficacy is under investigation.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-meeting-friday-designate-new-variant-b11529-2021-11-26/|title=WHO names new COVID variant omicron, cautions against travel measures|work=[[Reuters]]|first1=Stephanie|last1=Nebehay|first2=Alexander|last2=Winning|date=26 November 2021|accessdate=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/24/scientists-warn-of-new-covid-variant-with-high-number-of-mutations|title=Scientists warn of new Covid variant with high number of mutations|work=[[The Guardian (newspaper)|The Guardian]]|first=Ian|last=Sample|date=24 November 2021|accessdate=24 November 2021}}</ref>
-In 2020, South African infection rates reached a low on 11 November. Cases peaked in mid-January 2021. Similarly in 2021, cases bottomed out on 11 November, before again rising rapidly, growing four-fold by 25 November.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Data Explorer|url=https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data-explorer|access-date=26 November 2021|website=Our World in Data}}</ref>
-There is still vast uncertainty about the transmissibility with respect to the Delta variant, with a possible 100% increase (2x)<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=Omicron variant spreads to Europe as UK announces countermeasures|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/26/omicron-covid-variant-spreads-europe|access-date=27 November 2021|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Health Department briefs media about a new so-called super-variant|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4aTIoZDQk4|language=en|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref> to 500% increase (6x).<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=New COVID variant possibly 500 percent more infectious than Delta|url=https://www.newsweek.com/new-covid-variant-possibly-500-percent-more-infectious-delta-1653596|access-date=27 November 2021|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref>
-== History ==
-=== Reported cases ===
-On 24 November 2021, the variant was first reported to the WHO from South Africa.<ref name="who-statement" /> The first known specimen was collected on 9 November 2021 from [[Botswana]].<ref name="nature-alert">{{Cite journal|last=Callaway|first=Ewen|date=25 November 2021|title=Heavily mutated coronavirus variant puts scientists on alert|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03552-w|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w}}</ref> It was also detected in [[South Africa]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lineage: Mutation Tracker: s:S371L Mutation Report|url=https://outbreak.info/situation-reports?pango&muts=s%3AS371L&loc=ZAF&loc=BWA&overlay=false|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2021|website=outbreak.info|language=en}}</ref> one case had traveled to [[Hong Kong]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-59418127 Covid: New heavily mutated variant B.1.1.529 in South Africa raises concern], 25 November 2021, BBC News, accessed 25 November 2021</ref><ref name="WHO21Nov">[https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants] (Tables: Currently designated Variants Under Monitoring -describes 529 variant as present in 'Multiple countries'- and 'Formerly monitored variants'- B.1.523 & B.1.619 Reclassified Nov 2021). ''www.who.int'', accessed 25 November 2021</ref> and one confirmed case was identified in [[Israel]] in a traveler returning from [[Malawi]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite tweet|user=BNODesk|number=1464132888673280016|title=Statement from Israel's health ministry reporting 1 confirmed case of new coronavirus variant B.1.1.529|date=26 November 2021|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref> along with two who returned from South Africa and one from [[Madagascar]].<ref>[https://m.ynet.co.il/articles/syyt2za00y 14:30 4 מאומתים לווריאנט החדש התגלו בארץ, רה"מ יקיים מסיבת עיתונאים] ''translated: "...Verified for the new strain 4 verified for the new variant were discovered in the country..."'', ''m.ynet.co.il'', accessed 26 November 2021</ref> One confirmed case in [[Belgium]] had apparently acquired it in [[Egypt]] before 11 November.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=26 November 2021|title=Belgium detects first case of new COVID-19 variant in Europe|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/belgium-detects-first-case-new-covid-19-variant-europe-2021-11-26/|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>
-All four initial cases reported from Botswana occurred among fully vaccinated individuals.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/four-cases-of-the-new-covid-19-variant-recorded-in-botswana/news Four cases of the new COVID-19 variant recorded in Botswana], 25 November 2021, Mmegi Online, accessed 26 November 2021</ref> All three initial confirmed and suspected cases reported from Israel occurred among fully vaccinated individuals,<ref name="auto"/> as did the single suspected case in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fr.de/politik/corona-variante-omikron-mit-sehr-hoher-wahrscheinlichkeit-bereits-in-deutschland-zr-91143286.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127155005/https://www.fr.de/politik/corona-variante-omikron-mit-sehr-hoher-wahrscheinlichkeit-bereits-in-deutschland-zr-91143286.html|archive-date=27 November 2021|title=Flughafen Frankfurt: Person mit Omikron-Verdacht war vollständig geimpft|language=de|trans-title=Frankfurt airport: Person suspected to be infected with omicron variant was fully vaccinanted|date=27 November 2021|author=Kerstin Kesselgruber|work=Frankfurter Rundschau|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
-On 27 November, two cases were detected in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two cases of new variant of Covid detected in UK |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59445388 |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=BBC News |date=27 November 2021}}</ref> The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] health ministry estimated that 61 of the around 600 passengers on two flights from South Africa that had landed at [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] on 26 November (which had taken off just before the Netherlands had banned travel from South Africa) tested positive for COVID-19 of as yet unknown variants. Entry into the Netherlands (and thus getting on the flight) generally required having been vaccinated or PCR-tested, or having recovered. One of the flights originated from Johannesburg, Gauteng. Gauteng is where the Omicron variant appears to be dominant already. The passengers of both flights had been tested and quarantined upon arrival because of the newly imposed restrictions.<ref>{{cite news |title=61 travellers from South Africa in Netherlands positive for COVID-19 -authorities |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/passengers-south-africa-face-wait-covid-19-testing-amsterdam-2021-11-26/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Reuters |date=27 November 2021 |location=Amsterdam}}</ref>
-=== Market reactions ===
-Worry about the potential economic impact of the Omicron variant led to a drop in global markets on 26 November, including the worst drop of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] in 2021, led by travel-related stocks. The price of [[Brent Crude]] and [[West Texas Intermediate]] oil fell 10% and 11.7%, respectively. This reaction was described as "overblown" by one market analyst{{who|date=November 2021}} due to the lack of firm conclusions by the medical community.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Aaron |title=Dow plunges more than 900 points as new coronavirus variant sends global markets reeling |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/11/26/stock-market-black-friday/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=26 November 2021 |date=26 November 2021}}</ref> [[Cryptocurrency]] markets were also routed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2021/11/26/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-plunge-fear-new-south-africa-covid-variant-rout-market/|title=Bitcoin and other crypto plunge as fear of new COVID variant routs markets|website=Fortune}}</ref><ref>https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/11/26/bitcoin-price-drops-8-amid-fears-of-covid-b-1-1-529-variant-discovered-in-south-africa-her</ref>
-=== International response ===
-On 26 November WHO advised countries not to impose new restrictions on travel, instead recommending a "risk-based and scientific" approach to travel measures.<ref>{{cite news |title=WHO cautions against imposing travel restrictions due to new variant |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/who-cautions-against-imposing-travel-restrictions-due-new-variant-2021-11-26/ |access-date=26 November 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=26 November 2021 |location=Geneva}}</ref> On the same day the [[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control]] (ECDC) reported modeling indicating that strict travel restrictions would delay the variant's impact on European countries by two weeks, possibly allowing countries to prepare for it.<ref name="ecdc-threat-assessment-brief"/>
-Also on the same day, several countries announced travel bans from southern Africa in response to the identification of the variant, including [[Japan]], [[Canada]], the [[European Union]], [[Israel]], [[Australia]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Singapore]], the [[United States]], and [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Yong | first = Clement | title = Singapore bans travellers from 7 African countries; no cases of new Covid-19 variant here | newspaper = The Straits Times | location = Singapore | language = en-SG | date = 26 November 2021 | url = https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/spore-tightens-border-measures-for-travellers-from-7-african-countries-no-cases-of-new | access-date = 26 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Linskey |first1=Annie |title=U.S. to restrict travel from South Africa and other countries as it assesses risks of new omicron variant |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/11/26/biden-south-africa-variant/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=26 November 2021 |date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Walsh|first1=Marieke|last2=Stone|first2=Laura|date=26 November 2021|title=COVID-19 variant of concern Omicron causes Canada to impose restrictions on travel from southern parts of Africa|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-premiers-federal-conservatives-call-for-increased-travel-restrictions/|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Daim |first1=Nuradzimmah |last2=Harun |first2=Hana |title=Temporary entry ban on foreign travellers following discovery of heavily mutated Covid-19 variant |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/11/749043/temporary-entry-ban-foreign-travellers-following-discovery-heavily |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127132304/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/11/749043/temporary-entry-ban-foreign-travellers-following-discovery-heavily |archive-date=26 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency]] recommended flight restrictions regarding the new variant.<ref>[https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/saude/noticia/2021-11/anvisa-recomenda-restricoes-de-voo-diante-de-nova-variante-de-covid-19 Anvisa recomenda restrições de voo diante de nova variante de covid-19] 26 November 2021 ''agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br'', accessed 27 November 2021</ref> The [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)|state of New York]] declared a state of emergency ahead of a potential Omicron spike, though no cases had yet been detected in the state or the rest of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kennedy|first1=Mark|last2=Price|first2=R. Darren|title='It's Coming': NY Declares State of Emergency Ahead of Potential Omicron Spike|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/omicron-variant-ny-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-potential-spike/3421297/|access-date=27 November 2021|website=NBC New York|language=en-US}}</ref>
-In response, South African [[Minister of Health (South Africa)|Minister of Health]] [[Joe Phaahla]] defended his country's handling of the pandemic and said that travel bans went against the "norms and standards" of the [[World Health Organization]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winning |first1=Alexander |last2=Cocks |first2=Tim |title=South Africa says travel bans over new variant unjustified |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-calls-british-travel-ban-over-new-covid-19-variant-rushed-2021-11-26/ |access-date=26 November 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126120245/https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-calls-british-travel-ban-over-new-covid-19-variant-rushed-2021-11-26/ |archive-date=26 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
---->
-== আরও দেখুন ==
-* [[সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের প্রকারণসমূহ]]<!--Variants of SARS-CoV-2]]-->
-* [[আফ্রিকাতে করোনাভাইরাস রোগ ২০১৯-এর মহামারী]]
-==তথ্যসূত্র==
-{{reflist}}
-{{Portal bar|কোভিড-১৯|চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান|ভাইরাস}}
-{{সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের প্রকারণসমূহ}}
 [[Category:সার্স-কোভি-২ ভাইরাসের প্রকারণ]]