গেটিসবার্গের ভাষণ

গেটিসবার্গে আব্রাহাম লিংকনকে শনাক্ত করা যায় একমাত্র ছবি।

গেটিসবার্গ অ্যাড্রেস (ইংরেজি:Gettysburg Address) মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের রাষ্ট্রপতি আব্রাহাম লিংকন ঘোষিত একটি বিখ্যাত ভাষণ।^[১] আব্রহাম লিংকন আমেরিকার গৃহযুদ্ধের সময় ১৮৬৩ সালের ১৯ নভেম্বর পেনসালভেনিয়ার গেটিসবার্গে তিনি এ ভাষন দেন।

তথ্যসূত্র

↑ Historian James McPherson has called it "The most eloquent expression of the new birth of freedom brought forth by reform liberalism.", in McPherson, James M. Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. p. 185. Google Book Search. Retrieved on November 27, 2007.

গ্রন্থপঞ্জি

Barton, William E. (1950). Lincoln at Gettysburg: What He Intended to Say; What He Said; What he was Reported to have Said; What he Wished he had Said. New York: Peter Smith.
Boritt, Gabor (2006). The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows Simon & Schuster. 432 pp. আইএসবিএন ০-৭৪৩২-৮৮২০-৩
Busey, John W., and Martin, David G., Regimental Strengths and Losses at Gettysburg, 4th Ed., Longstreet House, 2005, আইএসবিএন ০-৯৪৪৪১৩-৬৭-৬.
Gramm, Kent. (2001) November: Lincoln's Elegy at Gettysburg. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. আইএসবিএন ০-২৫৩-৩৪০৩২-২.
Herndon, William H. and Welk, Jesse W. (1892) Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of A Great Life (Vol II). New York: D. Appleton and Company.
Kunhardt, Philip B., Jr. (1983) A New Birth of Freedom: Lincoln at Gettysburg. Little Brown & Co. 263 pp. আইএসবিএন ০-৩১৬-৫০৬০০-১
Lafantasie, Glenn. "Lincoln and the Gettysburg Awakening." Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 1995 16(1): 73–89. Issn: 0898-4212
McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (Oxford History of the United States). Oxford: Oxford University Press. আইএসবিএন ০-১৯-৫০৩৮৬৩-০.
McPherson, James M. (1996). Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. আইএসবিএন ০-১৯-৫০৯৬৭৯-৭
Murphy, Jim. (1992) The Long Road to Gettysburg. New York: Clarion Books. 128 pp. আইএসবিএন ০-৩৯৫-৫৫৯৬৫-০
Prochnow, Victor Herbert. ed. (1944). Great Stories from Great Lives. Freeport: Books for Libraries Press, 1944. আইএসবিএন ০-৮৩৬৯-২০১৮-X
Rawley, James A. (1966). Turning Points of the Civil War. University of Nebraska Press. আইএসবিএন ০-৮০৩২-৮৯৩৫-৯.
Reid, Ronald F. "Newspaper Responses to the Gettysburg Addresses." Quarterly Journal of Speech 1967 53(1): 50–60. Issn: 0033-5630.
Sandburg, Carl. (1939) "Lincoln Speaks at Gettysburg." In: Abraham Lincoln: The War Years New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company. II, 452-457. ASIN: B000BPD8GC
Sauers, Richard A. (2000) "Battle of Gettysburg." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., eds. W. W. Norton & Company. আইএসবিএন ০-৩৯৩-০৪৭৫৮-X.
Selzer, Linda. "Historicizing Lincoln: Garry Wills and the Canonization of the 'Gettysburg Address." Rhetoric Review Vol. 16, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997), pp. 120–137.
Simon, et al., eds. (1999) The Lincoln Forum: Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg, and the Civil War. Mason City: Savas Publishing Company. আইএসবিএন ১-৮৮২৮১০-৩৭-৬
White, Ronald C. Jr. (2005) The Eloquent President: A Portrait of Lincoln Through His Words. New York: Random House. আইএসবিএন ১-৪০০০-৬১১৯-৯
Wieck, Carl F. (2002) Lincoln's Quest for Equality: The Road to Gettysburg. Northern Illinois University Press. 224 pp. আইএসবিএন ০-৮৭৫৮০-২৯৯-০
Wills, Garry. (1992) Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America. New York: Simon and Schuster. 319 pp. আইএসবিএন ০-৬৭১-৭৬৯৫৬-১
Wilson, Douglas L. (2006). Lincoln's Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words. Knopf. 352 pp. আইএসবিএন ১-৪০০০-৪০৩৯-৬

বহিঃসংযোগ

Library of Congress, Gettysburg Address exhibit
Gettysburg National Military Park (GNMP) Gettysburg Historical Handbook ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ৬ মার্চ ২০১৬ তারিখে
Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students
Cornell University Library exhibit on Contemporary newspaper reactions.
Abraham Lincoln: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
Gettysburg Address read by Sam Waterston, Matthew Broderick, Ken Burns, David McCullough, Stephen Lang, Paul W. Bucha, etc. Music by John Williams.
Gettysburg Address audio performances by Jeff Daniels, Jim Getty, Johnny Cash, Colin Powell, Sam Waterston, and W.F. Hooley from AmericanRhetoric.com
Mencken and More on Lincoln's Speech, David Martin, November 22, 2008.
The Gettysburg Address An online exhibition from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

[1] Historian James McPherson has called it "The most eloquent expression of the new birth of freedom brought forth by reform liberalism.", in McPherson, James M. Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. p. 185. Google Book Search. Retrieved on November 27, 2007.

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