অগ্ন্যাশয় প্রদাহ: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
প্রলয়স্রোত (আলোচনা | অবদান) নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Pancreatitis | image = Illu pancrease.svg | caption = The pancreas and surrounding o... ট্যাগ: মোবাইল সম্পাদনা মোবাইল ওয়েব সম্পাদনা |
(কোনও পার্থক্য নেই)
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১৫:২২, ১৯ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৮ তারিখে সংশোধিত সংস্করণ
Pancreatitis | |
---|---|
The pancreas and surrounding organs | |
বিশেষত্ব | Gastroenterology, general surgery |
লক্ষণ | Pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, fatty stool[১] |
জটিলতা | Infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus[১] |
স্থিতিকাল | Short or long term[১] |
কারণ | Gallstones, heavy alcohol use, direct trauma, certain medications, mumps[১] |
ঝুঁকির কারণ | Smoking[২][৩] |
রোগনির্ণয়ের পদ্ধতি | Blood amylase or lipase[১] |
চিকিৎসা | Intravenous fluids, pain medication, antibiotics[১] |
সংঘটনের হার | 8.9 million (2015)[৪] |
মৃতের সংখ্যা | 132,700 (2015)[৫] |
Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.[১] The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones.[১] There are two main types, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.[১] Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and vomiting.[১] The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe.[১] In acute pancreatitis a fever may occur and symptoms typically resolve in a few days.[১] In chronic pancreatitis weight loss, fatty stool, and diarrhea may occur.[১] Complications may include infection, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, or problems with other organs.[১]
The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are a gall stone blocking the common bile duct after the pancreatic duct has joined; and heavy alcohol use.[১] Other causes include direct trauma, certain medications, infections such as mumps, and tumors.[১] Chronic pancreatitis may develop as a result of acute pancreatitis.[১] It is most commonly due to many years of heavy alcohol use.[১] Other causes include high levels of blood fats, high blood calcium, some medications, and certain genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis among others.[১] Smoking increases the risk of both acute and chronic pancreatitis.[২][৩] Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on a threefold increase in the blood of either amylase or lipase.[১] In chronic pancreatitis these tests may be normal.[১] Medical imaging such as ultrasound and CT scan may also be useful.[১]
Acute pancreatitis is usually treated with intravenous fluids, pain medication, and sometimes antibiotics.[১] Typically eating and drinking are disallowed, and a nasogastric tube is placed in the stomach.[১] A procedure known as an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be done to examine the distal common bile duct and remove a gallstone if present.[১] In those with gallstones the gallbladder is often also removed.[১] In chronic pancreatitis, in addition to the above, temporary feeding through a nasogastric tube may be used to provide adequate nutrition.[১] Long-term dietary changes and pancreatic enzyme replacement may be required.[১] And occasionally surgery is done to remove parts of the pancreas.[১]
Globally, in 2015 about 8.9 million cases of pancreatitis occurred.[৪] This resulted in 132,700 deaths, up from 83,000 deaths in 1990.[৫][৬] Acute pancreatitis occurs in about 30 per 100,000 people a year.[২] New cases of chronic pancreatitis develop in about 8 per 100,000 people a year and currently affect about 50 per 100,000 people in the United States.[৭] It is more common in men than women.[১] Often chronic pancreatitis starts between the ages of 30 and 40 while it is rare in children.[১] Acute pancreatitis was first described on autopsy in 1882 while chronic pancreatitis was first described in 1946.[৭]
- ↑ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল শ ষ স "Pancreatitis"। niddk.nih.gov। আগস্ট ১৬, ২০১২। ৭ মার্চ ২০১৫ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১ মার্চ ২০১৫।
- ↑ ক খ গ Lankisch, PG; Apte, M; Banks, PA (২০ জানুয়ারি ২০১৫)। "Acute pancreatitis"। Lancet। 386 (9988): 85–96। ডিওআই:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60649-8। পিএমআইডি 25616312।
- ↑ ক খ Yadav, D; Lowenfels, AB (জুন ২০১৩)। "The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer."। Gastroenterology। 144 (6): 1252–61। ডিওআই:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068। পিএমআইডি 23622135। পিএমসি 3662544 ।
- ↑ ক খ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (৮ অক্টোবর ২০১৬)। "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015."। Lancet। 388 (10053): 1545–602। ডিওআই:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6। পিএমআইডি 27733282। পিএমসি 5055577 ।
- ↑ ক খ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (৮ অক্টোবর ২০১৬)। "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015."। Lancet। 388 (10053): 1459–44। ডিওআই:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1। পিএমআইডি 27733281। পিএমসি 5388903 ।
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (১৭ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৪)। "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"। Lancet। 385 (9963): 117–71। ডিওআই:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2। পিএমআইডি 25530442। পিএমসি 4340604 ।
- ↑ ক খ Muniraj, T; Aslanian, HR; Farrell, J; Jamidar, PA (ডিসেম্বর ২০১৪)। "Chronic pancreatitis, a comprehensive review and update. Part I: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical features."। Disease-a-month : DM। 60 (12): 530–50। ডিওআই:10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.11.002। পিএমআইডি 25510320।