ভারতের রূপরেখা: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

ইতিহাস ব্রাউজ করুন

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বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে

দৃশ্যমানউইকিপাঠ্য

রৈখিক

০৮:২৫, ৩ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০১৩ তারিখে সংশোধিত সংস্করণ

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা

ভারতের জাতীয় প্রতীক

ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার একটি সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্র।^[১] ভারত বিশ্বের সপ্তম বৃহত্তম, দ্বিতীয় সর্বাধিক জনবহুল দেশ এবং সর্বাধিক জনবহুল গণতান্ত্রিক রাষ্ট্র।^[২]^[৩] ভারতের অর্থব্যবস্থা বাজার এক্সচেঞ্জ হারে বিশ্বে একাদশ বৃহত্তম ও ক্রয়ক্ষমতা সমতার হিসেবে চতুর্থ বৃহত্তম। অর্থনৈতিক সংস্কারের ফলে এই দেশ বর্তমানে দ্বিতীয় দ্রুততম বিকাশশীল অর্থনীতি।^[৪] যদিও এই দেশে দারিদ্র্য,^[৪] নিরক্ষরতা ও অপুষ্টির হারও উচ্চ। ভারতের সমাজ ধর্ম, ভাষা ও জাতিগতভাবে বৈচিত্র্যপূর্ণ। সংরক্ষিত অঞ্চলগুলিতে বিভিন্ন প্রকার বন্যপ্রাণী দেখা যায়।^[৫]^[৬]

ভারতের দক্ষিণে ভারত মহাসাগর, পশ্চিমে আরব সাগর ও পূর্বে বঙ্গোপসাগর। দেশের মোট উপকূলরেখার দৈর্ঘ্য টেমপ্লেট:Km to mi.^[৭] ভারতীয় সীমান্তে উত্তর ও পশ্চিমে পাকিস্তান;^[৮] উত্তরে গণচীন ও নেপাল; দক্ষিণপূর্বে বাংলাদেশ; উত্তরপূর্বে ভুটান; পূর্বে মায়ানমার; দক্ষিণে শ্রীলঙ্কা ও মালদ্বীপ।

মধ্য-ঊনবিংশ শতাব্দী থেকে ভারত ব্রিটিশ যুক্তরাজ্যের উপনিবেশ ছিল। ১৯৪৭ সালে একটি স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনের পর আধুনিক রাষ্ট্র হিসেবে ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র আত্মপ্রকাশ করে।

নিচে ভারত-বিষয়ক নিবন্ধগুলির একটি বিষয়ভিত্তিক রূপরেখা দেওয়া হল:

সাধারণ তথ্যাবলি

সাধারণ বাংলা নাম: ভারত
সরকারি বাংলা নাম: ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র
অন্যান্য নাম: ইন্ডিয়া, হিন্দুস্তান
Adjectival(s): Indian
Demonym(s): Indian
Etymology: Name of India
International rankings of India
ISO country codes: IN, IND, 356
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IN
Internet country code top-level domain: .in

Geography of India

চিত্র:India topo.png

An enlargeable topographic map of India

India is: a subcontinent and a country
Location:
- Eastern Hemisphere
- Northern Hemisphere
  - Eurasia
    - Asia
      - South Asia
        Greater India
        
        Indian subcontinent
- Time zone: Indian Standard Time (UTC+05:30)
- Extreme points of India
  - High: Kangchenjunga ৮,৫৮৬ মি (২৮,১৬৯ ফু) – third highest peak on Earth
  - Low: Kuttanad −২.২ মি (−৭ ফু)
- Land boundaries: 14,103 km

Bangladesh 4,053 km

China 3,380 km including the territorial disputes along its border; McMahon Line

Pakistan including the disputed LoC is 2,912 km

Nepal 1,690 km

Burma 1,463 km

Bhutan 605 km

Coastline: 7,000 km

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea

Bay of Bengal

Population of India: 1,145,787,902 people (2008 estimate) - 2nd most populous country
Area of India: ৩২,৮৭,৫৯০ কিমি^২ (১২,৬৯,৩৫০ মা^২) - 7th largest country
Atlas of India
Subcontinent (Indian subcontinent)

Environment of India

Geographic features of India

Physical divisions of India

See also: Ecoregions of India

The northern mountains including the Himalayas, which includes the Kuen Lun and the Karakoram ranges and the northeast mountain ranges.
Indo-Gangetic plains
Thar Desert
Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau
Eastern coastal plains
Western coastal plains
Bordering seas and islands

Administrative divisions of India

Structure

                               Union of India
                                      |
     -------------------------------------------------------------------
     |                                                                 |
  States                                                     Union Territories
     |                                                                 |
     -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      |
                                  Divisions
                                      |
                                  Districts
                                      |
     ------------------------------------------------------------------
     |                    |                      |                    |
  Blocks      Municipal Corporations      Municipalities       City Councils
 (Tehsils)      (Maha-Nagar-Palika)       (Nagar-Palika)     (Nagar-Panchayat)
     |                    |                      |                    |
     |                    ---------------------------------------------
     |                                           |
  Villages                                     Wards
(Graam/Gau'n)

States and territories of India

Main article: States and territories of India

টেমপ্লেট:India states

Municipalities of India

Cities in India

Geography of states and territories

1. Geography of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Geography of Andhra Pradesh
3. Geography of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Geography of Assam
5. Geography of Bihar
6. Geography of Chandigarh
7. Geography of Chhattisgarh
8. Geography of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Geography of Daman and Diu
10. Geography of Delhi
11. Geography of Goa
12. Geography of Gujarat

13. Geography of Haryana
14. Geography of Himachal Pradesh
15. Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Geography of Jharkhand
17. Geography of Karnataka
18. Geography of Kerala
19. Geography of Lakshadweep
20. Geography of Madhya Pradesh
21. Geography of Maharashtra
22. Geography of Manipur
23. Geography of Meghalaya
24. Geography of Mizoram

25. Geography of Nagaland
26. Geography of Orissa
27. Geography of Puducherry
28. Geography of Punjab
29. Geography of Rajasthan
30. Geography of Sikkim
31. Geography of Tamil Nadu
32. Geography of Tripura
33. Geography of Uttar Pradesh
34. Geography of Uttarakhand
35. Geography of West Bengal

History of India

Main article: History of India and Timeline of Indian history

History of India by period

South Asian Stone Age (70,000–3300 BCE)
Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1700 BCE)
Late Harappan culture (1700–1300 BCE)
Vedic period (1500–500 BCE)
Iron Age (1200–300 BCE)
- Mahajanapadas (700–300 BCE)
- Magadha Empire (545 BCE - 550)
- Maurya Empire (545 BCE - 550)
Middle kingdoms of India (250 BCE–1279 CE)
- Chola Empire (250 BCE–1070 CE)
- Satavahana (230 BCE–220 CE)
- Kushan Empire (60–240 CE)
- Gupta Empire (280–550 CE)
- Pala Empire (750–1174 CE)
- Rashtrakuta (753–982 CE)
Islamic empires in India (1206–1596)
- Delhi Sultanate (1206–1596)
- Deccan Sultanates(1490–1596)
Hoysala Empire (1040–1346)
Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826)
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
Mughal Empire (1526–1858)
Maratha Empire (1674–1818)
Colonial India (1858–1947)
- British Raj
- Princely states
Indian independence movement
- Quit India Movement
- Partition of India (1947)
History of Republic of India (1947–present)

History by states and territories

1. History of Andaman and Nicobar
2. History of Andhra Pradesh
3. History of Arunachal Pradesh
4. History of Assam
5. History of Bihar
6. History of Chandigarh
7. History of Chhattisgarh
8. History of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. History of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. History of Goa
12. History of Gujarat

13. History of Haryana
14. History of Himachal Pradesh
15. History of Jammu and Kashmir
16. History of Jharkhand
17. History of Karnataka
18. History of Kerala
19. History of Lakshadweep
20. History of Madhya Pradesh
21. History of Maharashtra
22. History of Manipur
23. History of Meghalaya
24. History of Mizoram

25. History of Nagaland
26. History of Orissa
27. History of Puducherry
28. History of Punjab
29. History of Rajasthan
30. History of Sikkim
31. History of Tamil Nadu
32. History of Tripura
33. History of Uttar Pradesh
34. History of Uttarakhand
35. History of West Bengal

Demography of India

Main article: Demographics of India

Demographics of states and territories

1. Demographics of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Demographics of Andhra Pradesh
3. Demographics of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Demographics of Assam
5. Demographics of Bihar
6. Demographics of Chandigarh
7. Demographics of Chhattisgarh
8. Demographics of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Demographics of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Demographics of Goa
12. Demographics of Gujarat

13. Demographics of Haryana
14. Demographics of Himachal Pradesh
15. Demographics of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Demographics of Jharkhand
17. Demographics of Karnataka
18. Demographics of Kerala
19. Demographics of Lakshadweep
20. Demographics of Madhya Pradesh
21. Demographics of Maharashtra
22. Demographics of Manipur
23. Demographics of Meghalaya
24. Demographics of Mizoram

25. Demographics of Nagaland
26. Demographics of Orissa
27. Demographics of Puducherry
28. Demographics of Punjab
29. Demographics of Rajasthan
30. Demographics of Sikkim
31. Demographics of Tamil Nadu
32. Demographics of Tripura
33. Demographics of Uttar Pradesh
34. Demographics of Uttarakhand
35. Demographics of West Bengal

Government and politics of India

Main article: Government of India and Politics of India

Socio-economic issues in India

Religious violence in India

Human rights in India
- LGBT rights in India
- Freedom of religion in India

Branches of the government of India

Executive branch of the government of India

Legislative branch of the government of India

Parliament of India
- Rajya Sabha (Council of States) - upper house of Parliament
  - Vice-President of India - serves as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
- Lok Sabha (House of the People) - lower house of Parliament
  - The Speaker

Judicial branch of the government of India

Foreign relations of India

International organization membership

The Republic of India is a member of:^[১]

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF)
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Colombo Plan (CP)
Commonwealth of Nations
East Asia Summit (EAS)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (observer)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of 15 (G15)
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20)
Group of 24 (G24)
Group of 77 (G77)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
League of Arab States (LAS) (observer)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Organization of American States (OAS) (observer)
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner)
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) (observer)
South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)

Law and order in India

Main article: Law of India

National law enforcement agencies

Regional law enforcement agencies

Local law enforcement agencies

Military of India

Main article: Military of India

Government of states

1. Government of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Government of Andhra Pradesh
3. Government of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Government of Assam
5. Government of Bihar
6. Government of Chandigarh
7. Government of Chhattisgarh
8. Government of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Government of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Government of Goa
12. Government of Gujarat

13. Government of Haryana
14. Government of Himachal Pradesh
15. Government of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Government of Jharkhand
17. Government of Karnataka
18. Government of Kerala
19. Government of Lakshadweep
20. Government of Madhya Pradesh
21. Government of Maharashtra
22. Government of Manipur
23. Government of Meghalaya
24. Government of Mizoram

25. Government of Nagaland
26. Government of Orissa
27. Government of Puducherry
28. Government of Punjab
29. Government of Rajasthan
30. Government of Sikkim
31. Government of Tamil Nadu
32. Government of Tripura
33. Government of Uttar Pradesh
34. Government of Uttarakhand
35. Government of West Bengal

Politics by states and territories

1. Politics of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Politics of Andhra Pradesh
3. Politicsof Arunachal Pradesh
4. Politics of Assam
5. Politics of Bihar
6. Politics of Chandigarh
7. Politics of Chhattisgarh
8. Politics of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Politics of Daman and Diu
10. Politics of Delhi
11. Politics of Goa
12. Politics of Gujarat

13. Politics of Haryana
14. Politics of Himachal Pradesh
15. Politics of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Politics of Jharkhand
17. Politics of Karnataka
18. Politics of Kerala
19. Politics of Lakshadweep
20. Politics of Madhya Pradesh
21. Politics of Maharashtra
22. Politics of Manipur
23. Politics of Meghalaya
24. Politics of Mizoram

25. Politics of Nagaland
26. Politics of Orissa
27. Politics of Puducherry
28. Politics of Punjab (India)
29. Politics of Rajasthan
30. Politics of Sikkim
31. Politics of Tamil Nadu
32. Politics of Tripura
33. Politics of Uttar Pradesh
34. Politics of Uttarakhand
35. Politics of West Bengal

Culture of India

Main article: Culture of India

Cuisine of India

Cuisine by regions

Art in India

Music of India

Music by states and territories

1. Music of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Music of Andhra Pradesh
3. Music of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Music of Assam
5. Music of Bihar
6. Music of Chandigarh
7. Music of Chhattisgarh
8. Music of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Music of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Music of Goa
12. Music of Gujarat

13. Music of Haryana
14. Music of Himachal Pradesh
15. Music of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Music of Jharkhand
17. Music of Karnataka
18. Music of Kerala
19. Music of Lakshadweep
20. Music of Madhya Pradesh
21. Music of Maharashtra
22. Music of Manipur
23. Music of Meghalaya
24. Music of Mizoram

25. Music of Nagaland
26. Music of Orissa
27. Music of Puducherry
28. Music of Punjab
29. Music of Rajasthan
30. Music of Sikkim
31. Music of Tamil Nadu
32. Music of Tripura
33. Music of Uttar Pradesh
34. Music of Uttarakhand
35. Music of West Bengal

Literature of India

Literature by language

Cinema of India

Main article : Cinema of India

Cinema by region

Languages in India

Awards

Sports in India

Main article: Sport in India

Professional sports leagues in India

Culture of states

1. Culture of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Culture of Andhra Pradesh
3. Culture of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Culture of Assam
5. Culture of Bihar
6. Culture of Chandigarh
7. Culture of Chhattisgarh
8. Culture of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Culture of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Culture of Goa
12. Culture of Gujarat

13. Culture of Haryana
14. Culture of Himachal Pradesh
15. Culture of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Culture of Jharkhand
17. Culture of Karnataka
18. Culture of Kerala
19. Culture of Lakshadweep
20. Culture of Madhya Pradesh
21. Culture of Maharashtra
22. Culture of Manipur
23. Culture of Meghalaya
24. Culture of Mizoram

25. Culture of Nagaland
26. Culture of Orissa
27. Culture of Puducherry
28. Culture of Punjab
29. Culture of Rajasthan
30. Culture of Sikkim
31. Culture of Tamil Nadu
32. Culture of Tripura
33. Culture of Uttar Pradesh
34. Culture of Uttarakhand
35. Culture of West Bengal

Economy and infrastructure of India

Main article: Economy of India

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 12th (twelfth)

Economy and infrastructure of states

1. Economy of Andaman and Nicobar
2. Economy of Andhra Pradesh
3. Economy of Arunachal Pradesh
4. Economy of Assam
5. Economy of Bihar
6. Economy of Chandigarh
7. Economy of Chhattisgarh
8. Economy of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Economy of Daman and Diu
10. National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Economy of Goa
12. Economy of Gujarat

13. Economy of Haryana
14. Economy of Himachal Pradesh
15. Economy of Jammu and Kashmir
16. Economy of Jharkhand
17. Economy of Karnataka
18. Economy of Kerala
19. Economy of Lakshadweep
20. Economy of Madhya Pradesh
21. Economy of Maharashtra
22. Economy of Manipur
23. Economy of Meghalaya
24. Economy of Mizoram

25. Economy of Nagaland
26. Economy of Orissa
27. Economy of Puducherry
28. Economy of Punjab
29. Economy of Rajasthan
30. Economy of Sikkim
31. Economy of Tamil Nadu
32. Economy of Tripura
33. Economy of Uttar Pradesh
34. Economy of Uttarakhand
35. Economy of West Bengal

Education in India

Main article: Education in India

Education in states

1. Education in Andaman and Nicobar
2. Education in Andhra Pradesh
3. Education in Arunachal Pradesh
4. Education in Assam
5. Education in Bihar
6. Education in Chandigarh
7. Education in Chhattisgarh
8. Education in Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Education in Daman and Diu
10. Education in Delhi
11. Education in Goa
12. Education in Gujarat

13. Education in Haryana
14. Education in Himachal Pradesh
15. Education in Jammu and Kashmir
16. Education in Jharkhand
17. Education in Karnataka
18. Education in Kerala
19. Education in Lakshadweep
20. Education in Madhya Pradesh
21. Education in Maharashtra
22. Education in Manipur
23. Education in Meghalaya
24. Education in Mizoram

25. Education in Nagaland
26. Education in Orissa
27. Education in Puducherry
28. Education in Punjab
29. Education in Rajasthan
30. Education in Sikkim
31. Education in Tamil Nadu
32. Education in Tripura
33. Education in Uttar Pradesh
34. Education in Uttarakhand
35. Education in West Bengal

Tourism in India

Main article: Tourism in India

Tourism in states

1. Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar
2. Tourism in Andhra Pradesh
3. Tourism in Arunachal Pradesh
4. Tourism in Assam
5. Tourism in Bihar
6. Tourism in Chandigarh
7. Tourism in Chhattisgarh
8. Tourism in Dadra and Nagar Haveli
9. Tourism in Daman and Diu
10. Tourism in National Capital Territory of Delhi
11. Tourism in Goa
12. Tourism in Gujarat

13. Tourism in Haryana
14. Tourism in Himachal Pradesh
15. Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir
16. Tourism in Jharkhand
17. Tourism in Karnataka
18. Tourism in Kerala
19. Tourismin Lakshadweep
20. Tourism in Madhya Pradesh
21. Tourism in Maharashtra
22. Tourism in Manipur
23. Tourism in Meghalaya
24. Tourism in Mizoram

25. Tourism in Nagaland
26. Tourism in Orissa
27. Tourism in Puducherry
28. Tourism in Punjab (India)
29. Tourism in Rajasthan
30. Tourism in Sikkim
31. Tourism in Tamil Nadu
32. Tourism in Tripura
33. Tourism in Uttar Pradesh
34. Tourism in Uttarakhand
35. Tourism in West Bengal

Infrastructure of India

References

↑ ^ক ^খ "India"। The World Factbook। United States Central Intelligence Agency। জুলাই ১৩, ২০০৯। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুলাই ২৩, ২০০৯।
↑ "Country profile: India"। BBC। ৯ জানুয়ারি ২০০৭। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৩-২১।
↑ "World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day"। United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs। United Nations: Population Division। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-১২-০৬।
↑ ^ক ^খ "India is the second fastest growing economy"। Economic Research Service (ERS)। United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৮-০৫।
↑ Rajendran, S. (২০০৭-০৯-০৩)। "Joint plan to protect Nilgiri biosphere"। The Hindu। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৭-১৯।
↑ CPREEC Resource Centre, Environment Education Cell, Pondicherry State Training Centre, Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Centurian Complex, Nellithope, Pondicherry-5 (২০০৭-১২-৩১)। "The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve"। The C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৭-১৯।
↑ Kumar এবং অন্যান্য 2006, পৃ. 531
↑ Footnote: The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Kashmir to be an important 'integral part' of the Union of India Jammu and Kashmir itself is disputed territory under the control of India and Pakistan also claims Indian-administered Kashmir. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Pakistani and Indian held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistan-administered territories while the remainder is in Indian-administered Kashmir.

External links

উইকিমিডিয়া অ্যাটলাসে India

উইকিভ্রমণে India সম্পর্কিত ভ্রমণ নির্দেশিকা রয়েছে।

Government

Official entry portal of the Government of India
Official directory of Indian Government websites

General reference

সিআইএ প্রণীত দ্য ওয়ার্ল্ড ফ্যাক্টবুক-এ India-এর ভুক্তি
Encyclopædia Britannica entry on India
BBC country profile of India
Library of Congress Country Studies entry on India

Other

Incredible India - The Official Tourism Website of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
কার্লিতে India (ইংরেজি)
India 4You - Directory of popular Indian websites.

টেমপ্লেট:Lists by country

[CIA_World_Factbook-1] ক ^খ "India"। The World Factbook। United States Central Intelligence Agency। জুলাই ১৩, ২০০৯। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুলাই ২৩, ২০০৯।

[largestdem1-2] "Country profile: India"। BBC। ৯ জানুয়ারি ২০০৭। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৩-২১।

[largestdem2-3] "World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day"। United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs। United Nations: Population Division। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-১২-০৬।

[ERS-4] ক ^খ "India is the second fastest growing economy"। Economic Research Service (ERS)। United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৭-০৮-০৫।

[5] Rajendran, S. (২০০৭-০৯-০৩)। "Joint plan to protect Nilgiri biosphere"। The Hindu। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৭-১৯।

[6] CPREEC Resource Centre, Environment Education Cell, Pondicherry State Training Centre, Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Centurian Complex, Nellithope, Pondicherry-5 (২০০৭-১২-৩১)। "The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve"। The C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০০৮-০৭-১৯।

[sanilkumar-7] Kumar এবং অন্যান্য 2006, পৃ. 531

[Afghanistan-8] Footnote: The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Kashmir to be an important 'integral part' of the Union of India Jammu and Kashmir itself is disputed territory under the control of India and Pakistan also claims Indian-administered Kashmir. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Pakistani and Indian held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistan-administered territories while the remainder is in Indian-administered Kashmir.

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@@ ১,৩৬৮ নং লাইন: / ১,৩৬৮ নং লাইন: @@
 {{Wikiatlas|India}}
-* {{Wikitravel|India}}
+* {{Wikivoyage||India}}
 ; Government