সাহায্য:আধ্বব/হিন্দি এবং উর্দু
(সাহায্য:হিন্দি এবং উর্দুর জন্য আ-ধ্ব-ব থেকে পুনর্নির্দেশিত)
নিচের লেখচিত্র উইকিপিডিয়া নিবন্ধে হিন্দি ও বাংলা আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালা (আ-ধ্ব-ব) কোন উচ্চারণ প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে তা প্রদর্শন করে।
দেখুন হিন্দি-উর্দু ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান আরও পুঙ্খানুপুঙ্খ হিন্দুস্থানী ধ্বনি আলোচনার জন্য।
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পাদটীকা[সম্পাদনা]
- ↑ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
- ↑ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
- ↑ /ɛ/ occurs as a conditioned allophone of /ə/ in proximity of an /h/, if /h/ is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Mostly, the second schwa undergoes syncopation and the resultant is just an /ɛ/ preceeding an /h/.
- ↑ ক খ গ ঘ /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.